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Veröffentlichung Nicht-chemische Alternativen der Schädlingsbekämpfung: Methoden zur Prüfung und Bewertung von nicht-chemischen Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von Nagetieren(Umweltbundesamt, 2025)Nagetierfallen sind eine umwelt- und tierfreundliche Alternative zu chemischen Giften (Rodentizide), die häufig bei einer Bekämpfung von Mäusen und Ratten eingesetzt werden. Nagetierfallen unterliegen in Deutschland aber keiner Zulassung, so dass bisher wenig über deren Wirksamkeit und tierschutzgerechte Tötungswirkung bekannt ist. Im Vorhaben wurde ein Messgerät entwickelt, mit dem v.a. die mechanischen Kräfte von Schlagfallen gemessen werden können. Mit dieser Methode können zukünftig ungeeignete Fallen anhand ihrer technischen Parameter ausgeschlossen werden, bevor diese in den Tierversuch gehen. Damit kann eine Menge an Tierleid vermieden und der Prüfaufwand für Fallen reduziert werden.Veröffentlichung Information about Techniques to consider in the Determination of BAT for the Intensive Rearing of Cattles(German Environment Agency, 2025)In the project techniques have been presented that can be ‘best available techniques’ (BAT) in cattle farming according to the German Immission Control Act criteria for BAT. The techniques are suitable for reducing environmental impacts. Since the new Industrial Emissions Directive (IED, EU 2024/1785) does not include cattle in its scope, the results will currently have no direct influence on the ‘European Uniform Operating Rules for Livestock Rearing’ based on the IE-RL. However, there is an audit mandate from the EU COM concerning the cattle farming. Therefore, the project results will be relevant if the audit might show that cattle farming shall be included in Annex 1 of the IED.Veröffentlichung Wirksamkeit von Biodiversitätsflächen(typen) zur Minderung der Umweltauswirkungen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln in Raumkulturen(Umweltbundesamt, 2025) Sutcliffe, Laura; Oppermann, Rainer; Schmied-Tobies, MariaPflanzenschutzmitteln (PSM) werden zur Bekämpfung bestimmter Schadorganismen oder Krankheiten, die ein Risiko für den Ertrag der Kulturpflanze darstellen, eingesetzt. Häufig wird dabei jedoch auch ein breites Spektrum von Nichtzielorganismen getötet oder geschädigt. Nicht nur die Anwendungsfläche, sondern auch angrenzende, unbehandelte Flächen können von PSM-Auswirkungen betroffen sein. Ein ausreichender Anteil an geeigneten Flächen zur Förderung der Biodiversität kann negative Auswirkungen einer PSM-Anwendung auf Nichtzielorganismen mitunter kompensieren. Dieser Bericht gibt einen Überblick über biodiversitätsfördernde Maßnahmen für die Raumkulturen Obst, Wein und Hopfen und stellt ein Konzept zum Ausgleich negativer Auswirkungen vor.Veröffentlichung Pflanzenschutz im Wandel - Chancen der Digitalisierung und innovativer Verfahren im Pflanzenschutz und ihre Folgen für den Schutz der Umwelt(Umweltbundesamt, 2024)Die Methoden des Pflanzenschutzes entwickeln sich ständig weiter. Neue Methoden werden unter anderem durch die jüngsten Fortschritte in der Digitalisierung und in der Molekularbiologie entwickelt. In dieser Stellungnahme werden diese neuen Methoden beschrieben und die möglichen Chancen und Risiken ihrer Anwendung im Sinne des integrierten Pflanzenschutzes für die Umwelt diskutiert.Veröffentlichung Fostering win-win farming practices to reduce nitrogen pollution and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions(German Environment Agency, 2024)This paper examines the potential synergies between German nitrogen and green-house gas (GHG) mitigation policies in the agricultural sector. Agricultural practices aimed at reducing air (ammonia) and water (nitrates) pollution can have beneficial effects on GHG mitigation (nitrous oxide and methane) taking into consideration the nitrogen cycle and biogeochemical pathways. This study reviews the effect of nitrogen practices on GHG emission based on the IPCC guidelines and the UNECE Guidance document on integrated sustainable nitrogen management, and identifies win-win practices. The report gives an overview on available mitigation measures and assessed their impact on N-based and methane emissions.Veröffentlichung PINETI-4: Modelling and assessment of acidifying and eutrophying atmospheric deposition to terrestrial ecosystems(German Environment Agency, 2024)Biodiversity in Europe is strongly affected by atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition to ecosystems. Within the PINETI-4 (Pollutant Input and Ecosystem Impact) project the deposition of nitrogen and sulfur compounds across Germany was quantified for the years 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 to 2019, using the atmospheric chemical transport model LOTOS-EUROS and precipitation composition measurements. Model improvements lead to better evaluation scores in comparison to observations compared to the previous PINETI-3 report. While nitrogen deposition has been decreasing in the last decades, the results show that in 2019 critical loads for eutrophication were still exceeded for nearly 70 % of ecosystems.Veröffentlichung Nanocarrier - Part I: Overview and categorization of nanocarriers(German Environment Agency, 2024)This report summarizes the current state of knowledge on nanocarriers based on a literature review of existing nanocarriers and those under development. Nanocarriers are considered as innovative materials ("advanced materials") which enable transport, protection and (targeted) release of active ingredients. The report presents a characterisation of the field of nanocarriers by identifying, describing and classifying types of nanocarriers currently on the market and the technologies under development based on a working definition. In addition, the report provides an overview of (possible) fields of application of nanocarriers and their state of development.Veröffentlichung Evaluating the impact of landscape structure and source-sink dynamics on non-target arthropod pesticide risk assessments in Germany(German Environment Agency, 2024)The ELONTA project aimed at understanding the relationships between landscape structure, source-sink dynamics and the risk of pesticide use for Non-Target Arthropods (NTAs). It also investigated the effectiveness of introducing two landscape-based mitigation measures: grassy field boundaries and unsprayed field margins. The project used a model NTA species, Bembidion lampros, a small, univoltine, spring-breeding carabid beetle that is common in temperate European agricultural landscapes. The project combined high-resolution dynamic landscape models with advanced spatially-explicit population models to simulate changes in B. lampros population dynamics in agroecosystems. The impact of pesticide use on B. lampros populations and the effectiveness of mitigation measures were assessed in a set of 611 study plots of 10x10 km2 in Brandenburg and Lower Saxony regions, varying in landscape and farmland heterogeneity. Our analysis showed that beetle populations were better supported in more diverse and heterogeneous landscapes with a high proportion of herbaceous semi-natural habitats and permanent pastures. The negative impact of pesticide use was greater in more homogeneous landscapes with low initial beetle populations, high arable land coverage and low beetle source habitat coverage. The study showed that grassy field boundaries were a more effective mitigation measure than unsprayed field margins. It also revealed the influence of source-sink dynamics on the effect of pesticide application on B. lampros populations, with significant exclusive off-field effects that persisted despite mitigation measures. Landscape management in agroecosystems should focus on maintaining and protecting these habitats, especially in highly homogeneous landscapes.Veröffentlichung Critical Evaluation of Effect Models for the Risk Assessment of Plant Protection Products(German Environment Agency, 2024)Mechanistic effect models (MEM) have become increasingly popular in the field of environmental risk assessment (ERA) of plant protection products. However there remains numerous open questions to risk assessors, modelers, applicants and the public. This report provides a scientific evaluation of 11 MEM or MEM families. It also critically assesses their relevance for ERA (e.g. as a refinement tool), based on case studies. Finally, the report offers suggestions for future improvements in model development for implementation in ERA. Outcomes were discussed with experts from industries, consultancies, academia and agencies at a European symposium (19-20 Sept 2019, Berlin); the presentations and minutes are available in the annex.Veröffentlichung Evaluation of the risk for soil organisms under real conditions(Umweltbundesamt, 2020) Toschki, Andreas; Hammers-Wirtz, Monika; Poßberg, Claudia; Forschungsinstitut für Ökosystemanalyse und -bewertung; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt; Pieper, SilviaIn assessing the effects of plant protection products (PPP) on organisms in soil it is crucial to predict accurately the environmental concentration (PECsoil) which organisms are exposed to. The PECsoil is depending on the spatial and temporal distribution of the PPP, arising from characteristics of the chemical (e.g. Kow, water solubility, degradability) and from soil parameters (e.g. pH value, TOC, texture). The potential effects of PPP on soil organisms depend -besides the concentration of the chemical in the soil matrix- on the spatial and temporal distribution of the animals, i.e., their exposure as well as their specific sensitivity to the chemical. A new approach for deriving environmental concentrations in soil is currently under discussion, taking the preferred soil depth of the organisms into account. We conducted two different outdoor studies in Terrestrial Model Ecosystems (TMEs) to monitor (1) the movement of pesticides in soil over time and (2) the exposure and effects on soil organisms during the same time. Additionally, an indoor TME study was conducted to measure the fate of the radiolabelled pesticides and the formation of non-extractable resi-dues in soil. In study [1] (outdoor) and [2] (indoor) Lindane (log Kow > 3) and Imidacloprid (log Kow < 1) were applied, two pesticides with different physico-chemical properties. In study [3] (outdoor), we investigated the effects of Carbendazim, a pesticide which is known as to be toxic for earthworms at certain concentrations. The effect analysis was conducted by means of different multivariate and univariate statistical methods. The synergistic conclusions based on the project results are proposed as recommendations for risk assessment concerning exposure and risk of soil organisms exposed to PPP under realistic conditions. Quelle: Forschungsbericht