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Veröffentlichung Integration von Geschlecht in die Forschung zu umweltbezogener Gesundheit. Ergebnisse des interdisziplinären Forschungsnetzwerks Geschlecht - Umwelt - Gesundheit (GeUmGe-NET)(2018) Bolte, Gabriele; David, Madlen; Debiak, Malgorzata; Kolossa-Gehring, MarikeDie umfassende Berücksichtigung von Geschlecht (biologische und soziale Dimensionen) in der Gesundheitsforschung ist essenziell, um Relevanz und Validität der Forschungsergebnisse zu erhöhen. Im Unterschied zu anderen Bereichen der Gesundheitsforschung fehlt bislang eine systematische Aufarbeitung des Forschungsstandes zur Bedeutung von Geschlecht bei umweltbezogener Gesundheit. In dem interdisziplinären Forschungsnetzwerk Geschlecht - Umwelt - Gesundheit (GeUmGe-NET) wurde in ausgewählten Themenfeldern der Forschungsbereiche Umwelttoxikologie, Umweltmedizin, Umweltepidemiologie und Public-Health-Forschung zu Umwelt und Gesundheit der aktuelle Stand zur Integration von Geschlechteraspekten bzw. Genderkonzepten systematisch erhoben. In allen Bereichen wurden Wissenslücken und Forschungsbedarfe identifiziert sowie Potenziale für methodische Weiterentwicklungen durch Nutzung von Genderkonzepten aufgezeigt. Mit dem Forschungsnetzwerk GeUmGe-NET wurde ein Dialog zwischen biomedizinisch bzw. Public-Health-orientierter Gesundheitsforschung und sozialwissenschaftlicher Genderforschung begonnen. Dieser Dialog ist weiterzuführen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der gemeinsamen Erprobung methodischer Innovationen bei Datenerhebung und Datenanalyse. Erkenntnisse aus dieser interdisziplinären Forschung sind relevant für die Praxisfelder umweltbezogener Gesundheitsschutz, Gesundheitsförderung, Umweltgerechtigkeit und umweltbezogene Gesundheitsberichterstattung. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2018Veröffentlichung WHO Environmental noise guidelines for the European Region(2020)World Health Organization (WHO) published the Guidelines for Community Noise in 1999 and the Night Noise Guidelines for Europe in 2009. Significant new research in the area of environmental noise and health has taken place since then. As well, new noise sources of concern for public health, such as wind turbines, were not addressed in previous guidelines. For these reasons, WHO is currently engaged in the revision of all pertinent literature and will provide recommendations for the protection of public health as part of WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region. The guidelines will focus on the WHO European Region and provide guidance to its Member States that is compatible with the noise indicators used in the European Union (EU) Directive on Environmental Noise. We systematically review the effects of noise on the following health outcomes: effects on sleep, annoyance, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular disease, hearing impairment, tinnitus, adverse birth outcomes, and mental health and wellbeing. The guidelines will consider the evidence on health effects of environmental noise related to the following various sources: aircraft, railway, road traffic, wind turbines and leisure noise. They will address exposure to noise in such relevant settings as residences, hospitals, learning establishments and public venues. Additionally, they will review the potential health benefits from noise mitigation and interventions to decrease noise levels. The process of developing the guidelines involves the synthesis and interpretation of the available evidence by a large group of scientists from across the world under the coordination of WHO. The Guidelines will provide up-to-date information on the health risks from environmental noise and evidence-based recommendations in order to support WHO Member States in their efforts to prevent and control exposure to excessive environmental noise. Copyright © (2015) by EAA-NAG-ABAV, ISSN 2226-5147 All rights reservedVeröffentlichung Learning from previous work and finding synergies in the domains of public and environmental health(2020) David, Madlen; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Reiber, Lena; Schwedler, GerdaBackground During the last decade, the European Union initiated several projects in the domains of public and environmental health. Within this framework, BRIDGE Health (Bridging Information and Data Generation for Evidence-based Health policy and Research) and HBM4EU (European human biomonitoring initiative) have been implemented. Whereas, the focus of BRIDGE Health was towards a sustainable and integrated health information system (HIS), the aim of HBM4EU is to improve evidence of the internal exposure of European citizens to environmental chemicals by human biomonitoring (HBM) and the impact of internal exposure on health. As both, environmental and public health determinants are important for health promotion, disease prevention and policy, BRIDGE Health and HBM4EU have overlapping aims and outcomes. In order to improve health information regarding public health and environmental health issues, best use and exchange of respective networks and project results is necessary. Methods Both projects have implemented health information (HI) and HBM tasks in order to provide adequate environmental and public health information of the European population. Synergies of the projects were identified in the working progress and because of overlapping networks and experts a focused analysis of both projects was envisaged. This paper elaborates on the aims and outcomes of both projects and the benefit of merging and channelling research results for the use of better health information and policy making that may be of relevance for any other project in these research fields. Results The need for focused exchanges and collaborations between the projects were identified and benefits of exchanges were highlighted for the specific areas of indicator development, linkage of data repositories and the combination of HBM studies and health examination surveys (HES). Further recommendations for a European wide harmonisation among different tasks in the fields of public health and environmental health are being developed. Conclusions Lessons learned from HBM4EU and BRIDGE Health show that continuous efforts must be undertaken, also by succeeding projects, to guarantee the exchange between public health and environmental health issues. Networks covering both are essential to provide better evidence of knowledge. The experiences from BRIDGE Health and HBM4EU give a valuable input for any future activity in these domains. Avoiding overlaps and streamlining further exchange of public health and environmental health contributes to best use of research results and allows to develop new strategies and tools for improvement of health information and thus enhances people's health and well-being. © The Author(s).Veröffentlichung Estimating risk factor attributable burden - challenges and potential solutions when using the comparative risk assessment methodology(2022) Hilderink, Henk; Lehtomäki, Heli; Plaß, DietrichBackground Burden of disease analyses quantify population health and provide comprehensive overviews of the health status of countries or specific population groups. The comparative risk assessment (CRA) methodology is commonly used to estimate the share of the burden attributable to risk factors. The aim of this paper is to identify and address some selected important challenges associated with CRA, illustrated by examples, and to discuss ways to handle them. Further, the main challenges are addressed and finally, similarities and differences between CRA and health impact assessments (HIA) are discussed, as these concepts are sometimes referred to synonymously but have distinctly different applications. Results CRAs are very data demanding. One key element is the exposure-response relationship described e.g. by a mathematical function. Combining estimates to arrive at coherent functions is challenging due to the large variability in risk exposure definitions and data quality. Also, the uncertainty attached to this data is difficult to account for. Another key issue along the CRA-steps is to define a theoretical minimal risk exposure level for each risk factor. In some cases, this level is evident and self-explanatory (e.g., zero smoking), but often more difficult to define and justify (e.g., ideal consumption of whole grains). CRA combine all relevant information and allow to estimate population attributable fractions (PAFs) quantifying the proportion of disease burden attributable to exposure. Among many available formulae for PAFs, it is important to use the one that allows consistency between definitions, units of the exposure data, and the exposure response functions. When combined effects of different risk factors are of interest, the non-additive nature of PAFs and possible mediation effects need to be reflected. Further, as attributable burden is typically calculated based on current exposure and current health outcomes, the time dimensions of risk and outcomes may become inconsistent. Finally, the evidence of the association between exposure and outcome can be heterogeneous which needs to be considered when interpreting CRA results. Conclusions The methodological challenges make transparent reporting of input and process data in CRA a necessary prerequisite. The evidence for causality between included risk-outcome pairs has to be well established to inform public health practice. © The Author(s) 2022Veröffentlichung Experiences shared by the (future) Public Health Workforce during the COVD-19 pandemic in Germany: results of a survey on workload, work content, and related challenges among students and young professionals(2022) Fischer, Florian; Wicherski, Julia; Tobollik, MyriamAlthough previous studies have focused on the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on various professional groups (particularly in the health and nursing care sector), this study aims to close a research gap by assessing perspectives of students and young professionals in epidemiology and public health in Germany in terms of shifts in workload, work content, and related challenges caused by the pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional survey between mid-February and mid-March 2022. Quantitative data were analyzed via standardized mean differences. Qualitative data based on answers to open-ended questions were analyzed via a qualitative content analysis. Overall, 172 individuals participated in this survey. Results indicate that students felt burdened the most by lack of exchange with other students and lecturers. Study participants employed in public health experienced changes in their employment because they had changes in their work content- and administration, which was accompanied by a high burden due to the workload. Multiple demands that can have an impact on both acquired skills and mental health during the professional qualification phase were mentioned by the participants. Therefore, more in-depth analyses are needed to investigate the impact the pandemic will have on the (future) public health workforce in the long run. © 2022 by the authorsVeröffentlichung Time trend of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between 1995 and 2019 in Germany - Showcases for successful European legislation(2023) Burkhardt, Therese; Scherer, Max; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Scherer, Gerhard; Weber, TillStarting in 2002, regulations and legislative amendments in Germany focused on the non-smoker protection with several measures to reduce exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS). The present work aimed to evaluate the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and SHS exposure and to determine to which extent enforced non-smoking regulations and smoking bans affected the exposure of the non-smoking population in Germany since their implementation in the early 2000s until today. For this purpose, cotinine and selected monohydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) were analyzed by means of (UP)LC-MS/MS in 510 24-h-urine samples of the Environmental Specimen Bank collected over a time span of 24 years from 1995 to 2019. Median urinary cotinine levels were found to steadily and significantly decline by 82% from 1995 to 2019. A significant decrease of urinary 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (19%), 1-OH-pyrene (39%), 1-naphthol (66%), 1-(17%), 2-(25%), and 3-OH-phenanthrene (22%) was also observed throughout the same time span. The decline in urinary levels of cotinine and several OH-PAHs can most likely be attributed to smoking bans and regulations limiting SHS and PAH exposure. This study therefore emphasizes the relevance of human biomonitoring to investigate the exposure of humans to chemicals of concern, assess the effectiveness of regulatory measures, and help policies to enforce provisions to protect public health. © 2022 The AuthorsVeröffentlichung No climate-resilient society without a resilient transport system(2021) Glock, Jan Peter; Hartl, Richard; Krieg, MichaelTransport systems are a barrier to climate-resilient societies. Their crucial societal function to provide access is outweighed by the effects transportation has on society through its nexus with public health and the climate system. These range from greenhouse gas emissions via air andnoise pollution to accidents and reinforcing harmful sedentary lifestyles. Removing the barrier needs a transformative understanding of resilience as opposed to resilience as withstanding and adapting to pressures. This chapter entangles the relationships between transportation, public health, climate, and society in a nexus framework and explains why transport systems as barrier to climate-resilient societies will prevail as long as conventional approaches to change cause further lock-in and rebound effects. It provides an understanding of resilience allowing for transformational change. In addition, two approaches that contribute to transformative resilience are presented. Firstly, people-centered mobility puts humans and their needs before infrastructure and means of transport. This is a prerequisite for deconstructing transport systems as a barrier to climate resilience. Secondly, the pricing of externalities has the potential to completely change transport systems as we know them today, by closing the gap between prices paid for transport by individual users and actual costs incurred on a societal level. Transforming the transport sector needs to be a key element of any strategy to strive toward societal resilience. Without it, negative effects of transport systems can neither be avoided nor reduced in the required order of magnitude. A climate-resilient society cannot be reached without changes in transportation. © The Author(s)Veröffentlichung Die Bedeutung der Konzepte One Health und Planetary Health fur die Umweltmedizin im 21. Jahrhundert(2023) Kümpfel, Romy; Niemann, Hildegard; Straff, Wolfgang; Zschachlitz, TomkeIm 21. Jahrhundert führt eine Anhäufung komplexer Krisen wie Klimawandel, Biodiversitätsverlust, Umweltverschmutzungen, Kriege und Pandemien zu ökonomischen, sozialen und gesundheitlichen Problemen für Menschen jetziger und zukünftiger Generationen. Diese Probleme sind im Wesentlichen auf die Missachtung natürlicher Regenerationskapazitäten von Ökosystemen zurückzuführen. Gesundheitsansätze wie One Health und Planetary Health haben seit Beginn der 2000er-Jahre an Popularität gewonnen und finden verstärkt Anwendung in der Politik, der Wissenschaft und in den Gesundheitsberufen. Auch die Umweltmedizin wird durch die wachsende Zahl von Krisen und Umweltproblemen sowie das zunehmende Interesse an den Konzepten One Health und Planetary Health beeinflusst. In diesem Diskussionsbeitrag wird zunächst die Entwicklung der beiden Konzepte dargestellt. Danach wird auf ihre Bedeutung für die Umweltmedizin eingegangen. Ärztinnen und Ärzte, die sich mit umweltmedizinischen Themen befassen, müssen bei der Beurteilung von Umwelteinflüssen heute sowohl lokale als auch globale Ursachen und Gesundheitseffekte bedenken, was Entscheidungen komplizierter machen und zu Zielkonflikten führen kann. Quelle: © Der/die Autor(en) 2023Veröffentlichung Occurrence, Distribution and Toxins of Benthic Cyanobacteria in German Lakes(2023) Bauer, Franziska; Wolfschläger, Immanuel; Fastner, Jutta; Geist, JürgenCyanobacteria are favored by climate change and global warming; however, to date, mostresearch and monitoring programs have focused on planktic cyanobacteria. Benthic cyanobacte-ria blooms also increase and pose a risk to animal and human health; however, there is limitedknowledge of their occurrence, distribution and the toxins involved, especially in relation to theirplanktic conspeciï Ącs. Therefore, we analyzed the benthic and planktic life forms of cyanobacterialcommunities in 34 lakes in Germany, including a monitoring of cyanotoxins. Community analyseswere based on microscopic examination and Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The analysesof cyanotoxins were carried out using LC-MS/MS and ELISA. Observed benthic mats containingcyanobacteria consisted mainly of Nostocales and Oscillatoriales, being present in 35% of the lakes. Ana-toxin was the most abundant cyanotoxin in the benthic samples, reaching maximum concentrationsof 45,000Ìg/L, whereas microcystin was the predominate cyanotoxin in the open-water samples,reaching concentrations of up to 18,000Ìg/L. Based on the results, speciï Ąc lakes at risk of toxiccyanobacteria could be identiï Ąed. Our ï Ąndings suggest that monitoring of benthic cyanobacteria andtheir toxins should receive greater attention, ideally complementing existing open-water samplingprograms with little additional effort. © 2023 by the authors.