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Veröffentlichung Test scenarios for the determination of sound emissions from road, rail, industry and the calculation of the propagation of sound (BUB), the calculation of environmental noise from airports (BUF) and assessment of the noise exposure of affected persons (BEB) according to Directive (EU) 2015/996(2019) Bartolomaeus, Wolfram; Möhler, Ulrich; Krapf, Klaus-Georg; Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen; Möhler und Partner Ingenieure AG (Augsburg); Steindorf, AnnettTo improve the noise situation in Europe, the EU issued the Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC) in 2002. It was transposed into German law in 2005. The aim is to reduce environmental noise and prevent an increase in noise in previously quiet areas. To this end, noise pollution is to be recorded in noise maps by means of uniform assessment methods for noise indices in Europe and then reduced by means of concrete measures. In recent years, the EU has developed these methods under the acronym CNOSSOS-EU (Common Noise Assessment Methods in Europe) with the participation of the Member States. These calculation methods were introduced by an amendment to Annex II of the EU Environmental Noise Directive 2015 as Directive (EU) 2015/996 [1] for subsequent national implementation ([2] to [6]) and are to be applied by all Member States as of 1 January 2019. In this documentation, the methods for the determination of sound emissions, the calculation of sound propagation and the assessment of noise exposure are applied to exemplary scenarios. A distinction is made between noise from sources close to the ground (road, rail, industry) and sources from air traffic (aircraft noise). In accordance with the calculation regulations [2] to [6], model calculations (creating scenarios and test cases) are documented in detail. This way, a quality assurance of noise calculations in accordance with DIN 45687 [11] is made possible and a uniform and comprehensible application of the methods is ensured throughout Germany. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.deVeröffentlichung Environmentally friendly air conditioning for trains(2019) Aigner, Reinhard; Krawanja, Andreas; Luger, Christian; Liebherr-Transportation Systems GmbH & Co KG (Mannheim); DB Systemtechnik GmbH (Minden ; München); Hoffmann, GabrieleCurrent air-conditioning systems for railway vehicles predominantly use fluorinated refrigerants, which will be phased down in the coming years because of their damaging impact on the climate. Motivated by the need to implement environmentally friendly technologies that will be available for the long term for the air conditioning of passenger trains, Liebherr and Deutsche Bahn conducted a comparison of the annual energy consumption and the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of railway heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems (HVAC) using air and R-134a as refrigerants. Systems in operation and advanced systems were both assessed. Measurement data and model calculations obtained from systems in operation formed the basis for evaluation. For the average primary annual energy consumption for cooling, the air-cycle systems, which use air as refrigerant, had savings of 16% and 28%, respectively, compared to the R-134a systems that were considered. The higher investment costs of air-cycle systems are compensated by lower operating costs, particularly lower energy costs, and by lower maintenance costs, so that air-cycle systems have the advantage in terms of economic efficiency. As a result, air-cycle systems are an environmentally friendly, economical and reliable solution to the refrigerant issue. Quelle: Forschungsbericht