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Veröffentlichung § 1 Zweck des Gesetzes(2015) Hardach, FelixVeröffentlichung 10 Forderungen für einen zukunftsweisenden und nachhaltigen Bodenschutz(2018) Glante, Frank; Hansjürgens, Bernd; Mathews, JeannetteSeit 2007 führt die Kommission Bodenschutz beim Umweltbundesamt (KBU) anlässlich des Weltbodentages Veranstaltungen zu aktuellen Themen durch. Besondere Höhepunkte waren zum Beispiel die Veranstaltungen zum Beginn und Abschluss vom Internationalen Jahr des Bodens in 2014/2015 sowie zu den Themen "Ernährung" (2012) oder "Urbanisierung" (2016). Im vergangenen Jahr hat sich die Kommission das Thema "Verantwortung für die Böden" auf die Fahne geschrieben. Die verschiedenen Rechtsträger der Kirche zählen zusammengenommen neben dem Staat zu den größten Eigentümern an landwirtschaftlichem Grundbesitz in Deutschland. Damit ist die Kirche ein bisher wenig beachteter, aber wichtiger Partner beim gemeinsamen Ringen um die gesellschaftliche Wertschätzung der nachhaltigen Landwirtschaft und dem Bodenschutz. Die Aktionen im 500. Jahr der Reformation boten einen passenden Anlass und Rahmen für die KBU, hierzu mit der Kirche in den Dialog zu treten. Vorsorge für unsere Böden - die Tagung eröffnete eine neue Sicht auf unser Verhältnis zum Boden als Grundlage für eine ökologische, ökonomische und soziale Gerechtigkeit und sie zeigte auf, wo gemeinsames Handeln zwingend erforderlich ist. © 2018 Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co. KGVeröffentlichung § 17 Emissionshandelsregister(2015) Hardach, FelixVeröffentlichung 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole in urine of children and adolescents in Germany - Human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V)(2020) Conrad, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Murawski, Aline; Rucic, Enrico; Schmied-Tobies, Maria Irene Hilde; Schwedler, Gerda2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) is widely used as a vulcanisation accelerator and is contained in many products made from natural rubber, e.g. car tires. Additionally, it is used as a fungicide in paint or fibre. Systemically human exposure to 2-MBT can occur via dermal and oral uptake or inhalation. Locally, 2-MBT can cause skin sensitisation. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified 2-MBT as probably carcinogenic to humans. 516 urine samples of 3- to 17-year-old children and adolescents living in Germany were analysed for the concentration of 2-MBT in the population representative German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V). 2-MBT was quantified above the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.0 my g/L in 50% of the 516 samples analysed. The geometric mean of urinary 2-MBT concentration was 1.018 my g/L and 0.892 my g/gcreatinine, the arithmetic mean was 1.576 my g/L (1.351 myg/gcrea). The median concentration was below the LOQ. Analyses of subgroups revealed higher 2-MBT concentrations in children aged 3-5 years compared to 14- to 17-year-old adolescents. All urinary 2-MBT concentrations were well below the health-based guidance value HBM-I for children of 4.5 my g/L. Therefore, current exposure levels are - according to current knowledge - not of concern. For the first time, reference values can be derived for 2-MBT for children and adolescents in Germany. This will facilitate to recognise changing exposure levels in this population group in Germany and identification of unusually high exposures. © 2020 The Authors.Veröffentlichung 20 Jahre Bundes-Bodenschutzgesetz - hinreichend vorsorgend?(2019) Ginzky, HaraldVeröffentlichung 2050: Deutschland im Klimawandel(2022) Sobisch, Marcella; Einig, Klaus; Schauser, Inke; Renner, KathrinVeröffentlichung 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcb) and Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and -Furans (Pcdd/F) in ambient air and deposition in the German background(2022) Dreyer, Annekatrin; Minkos, AndreaPCDD/Fs and 209 PCBs were investigated in ambient air and atmospheric deposition at two background monitoring sites in Germany over a period of 12 months in 2018/19. Both substance groups have been frequently found in ambient air, principally with the expected seasonal variations. In deposition, PCDD/Fs as well as PCBs were frequently below the method quantification limits. Besides the frequently investigated dioxin-like PCBs and six indicator PCBs, the analysis of the 209 PCBs (166 separated PCB-peaks) enabled the identification and evaluation of additional PCBs that might be of environmental concern. Of 166 PCBs or PCB-coelutions, up to 144 were quantified in air samples and up to 94 in atmospheric deposition samples. Some of these PCBs were observed at levels similar to or exceeding those of the frequently investigated six indicator PCBs. Important additional PCBs in ambient air were PCB 5/8, PCB 11, PCB 17, PCB 18, PCB 20/33, PCB 31, PCB 43/49, PCB 44, PCB 47/48/65/75, PCB 93/95/98/102, PCB 139/149, and PCB 151. The presence of these PCBs in atmospheric samples implies that routine analysis oversees potentially important contaminants. Quelle: https://papers.ssrn.com/Veröffentlichung § 23 Elektronische Kommunikation(2015) Hardach, FelixVeröffentlichung 2nd International Conference on Human Biomonitoring, 17-19 April 2016 in Berlin, Germany(2016) Schwedler, GerdaVeröffentlichung 2nd International Conference on Human Biomonitoring, Berlin 2016(2017) Joas, Anke; Calafat, Antonia M.; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Schwedler, GerdaVeröffentlichung 30 years trends of microplastic pollution: mass-quantitative analysis of archived mussel samples from the North and Baltic Seas(2022) Halbach, Maurits; Vogel, Miriam; Koschorreck, Jan; Tammen, Juliane K.Microplastics (MP) are ubiquitous throughout the environment as a result of an ongoing, increasing, but also lavish use, of plastics over time and its inherent persistence. In contrast, there are almost no data that allow drawing conclusions about the evolution of plastic pollution in the environment over the past decades. This study investigates the MP load in blue mussels from the North and Baltic Sea archived by the German Environmental Specimen Bank in a time series covering almost 30 years. Samples were enzymatically and chemically oxidative digested for MP extraction and subsequent analyzed mass-quantitatively for nine common polymer clusters by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Seven polymer clusters were detected in mussel tissue. Summed MP levels were at ppm levels (<20 ÎÌg/g mussel, dry weight). North Sea samples reflected a gradual increase from the 1980s/90s to the 2000s whereas those from Baltic Sea showed consistently higher, rather constant MP levels similar to the North Sea site later than 2000. Polymer composition of both sites stood out by cluster (C) of C-PVC and C-PET at both sites. Mussels from Baltic Sea site had larger C-PE and C-PP proportions. Opposed polymer- and site-specific trends indicated both regional and trans-regional MP sources for different polymer clusters. The MP composition of mussels showed strong similarities with adjacent sediment and water samples. The study introduces a relevant dataset addressing the temporal development of MP pollution. It emphasizes a high indicative potential of environmental MP composition/loads received by mussels but raises the necessity on adequate control materials accompany such kind of studies. © 2022 ElsevierVeröffentlichung 4. Reinigungsstufe als eine Maßnahme zur Verminderung des Eintrags von Mikroschadstoffen in die Gewässer und ihre Finanzierung(2016) Rechenberg, Bettina; Heidemeier, Joachim; Rechenberg, JörgVeröffentlichung Veröffentlichung Veröffentlichung 5-Point programme for sustainable plant protection(2018) Egerer, Sina Elisabeth; Frische, Tobias; Matezki, Steffen; Pickl, Christina; Wogram, JörnThis position paper intends to stimulate a profound rethinking of contemporary agricultural practice. We criticise the current intensity of chemical plant protection in Germany as ecologically unsustainable and thus threatening the achievement of key targets of environmental protection and nature conservation policies. In the first part of the paper, we provide background information on the use of plant protection products (PPP) in German agriculture, the role of agricultural policy, European pesticide legislation, the principles of and framework for environmental risk assessment and risk management of PPP, as well as environmental effects of PPP. The second part is presented against the backdrop of the European "Sustainable Use Directive" (2009/128/EC). This directive requires that "Member States shall adopt National Action Plans to set up their quantitative objectives, targets, measures, and timetables to reduce risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and the environment and to encourage the development and introduction of integrated pest management and of alternative approaches or techniques to reduce dependency on the use of pesticides." Reflecting on the corresponding debate in Germany, we suggest the following five key principles for a sustainable use of PPP and provide recommendations for their implementation: (1) minimising use; (2) identifying, quantifying, and communicating risks; (3) optimising risk management; (4) compensating for unavoidable effects; (5) internalising external costs. © 2018, The Author(s).Veröffentlichung A biomonitoring study assessing the exposure of young German adults to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)(2020) Schmidtkunz, Christoph; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Küpper, Katja; Weber, TillThe antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT) is used ubiquitously in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, plastics, rubbers and many other products. Therefore, exposure of the general population to this substance is likely. We analyzed the BHT metabolite 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid ("BHT acid") in 24-h urine samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the internal burden of BHT in young nonspecifically exposed adults. The study population consisted of students between 20 and 29 years of age at the time of sampling, all from Halle/Saale in Central Germany. In total, 329 samples collected in the years 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2015, and 2018 were measured by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). BHT acid was detected above the limit of quantification (0.2 My g/L) in 98% of the samples. The median of the measured concentrations was 1.06 My g/L and 1.24 My g/g creatinine respectively, the median of the daily excretion was 1.76 My g/24 h and - additionally normalized for body weight - 26.8 ng/24 h * kg bw respectively. The corresponding 90th percentiles were 3.28 My g/L, 3.91 My g/g creatinine, 5.05 My g/24 h, and 81.9 ng/24 h * kg bw. Medians of creatinine-corrected values were slightly higher in women than in men, while the opposite situation was observed for the volume concentrations and the 24-h excretion values (not corrected for body weight). Values simultaneously normalized both for 24-h excretion and body weight did not exhibit any significant differences between males and females, probably indicating a virtually identical magnitude of exposure for both genders. The background exposure of the investigated population was found to be largely constant since the year 2000, with only weak temporal trends at most. Daily intakes were estimated from excretion values and found to be largely below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of BHT at 0.25 mg/kg bw: our worst-case estimate is a daily BHT intake of approximately 0.1 mg/kg bw at the 95th percentile level. However, these intake assessments rely on very limited quantitative data regarding human metabolism of BHT. © 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Veröffentlichung A call for urgent action to safeguard our planet and our health in line with the helsinki declaration(2021) Halonen, Jaana I.; Erhola, Marina; Furman, Eeva; Kolossa-Gehring, MarikeIn 2015, the Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission launched a report introducing a novel approach called Planetary Health and proposed a concept, a strategy and a course of action. To discuss the concept of Planetary Health in the context of Europe, a conference entitled: "Europe That Protects: Safeguarding Our Planet, Safeguarding Our Health" was held in Helsinki in December 2019. The conference participants concluded with a need for action to support Planetary Health during the 2020s. The Helsinki Declaration emphasizes the urgency to act as scientific evidence shows that human activities are causing climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, overuse of natural resources and pollution. They threaten the health and safety of human kind. Global, regional, national, local and individual initiatives are called for and multidisciplinary and multisectorial actions and measures are needed. A framework for an action plan is suggested that can be modified for local needs. Accordingly, a shift from fragmented approaches to policy and practice towards systematic actions will promote human health and health of the planet. Systems thinking will feed into conserving nature and biodiversity, and into halting climate change. The Planetary Health paradigm - the health of human civilization and the state of natural systems on which it depends - must become the driver for all policies. Quelle: © Elsevier 2021Veröffentlichung A chip-integrated highly variable thermal flow rate sensor(2016) Höra, Christian; Skadell, Mirjam M.; Pfeiffer, Simon A.In this work, we present an approach for seamless integration of a highly variable flow rate sensor in chip based microfluidic devices. This novel, optically readable microfluidic calorimetric flow rate sensor is realized by a combination of an inkjet printed heating element with a fluorescent sensor layer inside microfluidic channels. This enables to read out flow rate induced variances in the temperature profile along the channels, which results in an unsurpassed wide working range of the microfluidic anemometer from the lower nl min-1 range up to several 100 Nano-l min-1. The system was thoroughly investigated and revealed high flexibility, stability, repeatability and sensitivity. Quelle: http://www.sciencedirect.comVeröffentlichung A chip-integrated optical microfluidic pressure sensor(2017) Kiontke, Andreas; Höra, Christian; Pahl, Maik; Belder, DetlevPressure sensing inside microfluidic channels in glass chips was achieved by integrating an oxygen sensitive luminescent sensor layer inside of an air-filled cavity. The device enables reliable determination of gas pressures, as well as flow rate-induced liquid backpressures at various positions along a channel. This optically readable microfluidic pressure sensor allows on-chip pressure sensing with high sensitivity at up to 9 mbar, and unsurpassed working range from atmospheric pressure up to 5 bar. Investigation of the system revealed high flexibility, stability and reproducibility of the proposed method. In addition to the pressure determination, the integrated luminescent sensor allows simultaneous detection of the temperature and oxygen content of a process medium. Quelle: http://www.sciencedirect.com/Veröffentlichung A collaborative evaluation of LC-MS/MS based methods for BMAA analysis: soluble bound BMAA found to be an important fraction(2016) Faassen, Elisabeth J.; Antoniou, Maria G.; Beekman-Lukassen, Wendy; Blahova, Lucie; Chernova, Ekaterina; Christophoridis, Christophoros; Combes, Audrey; Edwards, Christine; Fastner, Jutta; Harmsen, Joop; Hiskia, Anastasia; Ilag, Leopold L.; Kaloudis, Triantafyllos; Lopicic, Srdjan; Lürling, Miquel; Mazur-Marzec, Hanna; Meriluoto, Jussi; Porojan, Cristina; Viner-Mozzini, Yehudit; Zguna, NadezdaExposure to â-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) might be linked to the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease. Analytical chemistry plays a crucial role in determining human BMAA exposure and the associated health risk, but the performance of various analytical methods currently employed is rarely compared. A CYANOCOST initiated workshop was organized aimed at training scientists in BMAA analysis, creating mutual understanding and paving the way towards interlaboratory comparison exercises. During this workshop, we tested different methods (extraction followed by derivatization and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, or directly followed by LC-MS/MS analysis) for trueness and intermediate precision. We adapted three workup methods for the underivatized analysis of animal, brain and cyanobacterial samples. Based on recovery of the internal standard D3BMAA, the underivatized methods were accurate (mean recovery 80%) and precise (mean relative standard deviation 10%), except for the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya. However, total BMAA concentrations in the positive controls (cycad seeds) showed higher variation (relative standard deviation 21%-32%), implying that D3BMAA was not a good indicator for the release of BMAA from bound forms. Significant losses occurred during workup for the derivatized method, resulting in low recovery (<10%). Most BMAA was found in a trichloroacetic acid soluble, bound form and we recommend including this fraction during analysis.Quelle: http://www.mdpi.com