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Beiträge des Human-Biomonitorings zu einer evidenzbasierten Umwelt- und Gesundheitspolitik
(2017) Schwedler, Gerda; Conrad, André; Rucic, Enrico; Rüther, Maria; Apel, Petra; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
DPHP metabolites in urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1999 to 2012
(2014) Schütze, Andre; Gries, Wolfgang; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Apel, Petra; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Brühning, Thomas; Leng, Gabriele; Koch, Holger Martin
The aim of this study was to investigate a possible time trend and status quo of
dipropylheptylphthalate (DPHP) exposure. DPHP is used as a substitute of other high molecular weightphthalates in high temperature applications (e.g cable wires, roofing membranes, etc.). DPHP was selected inthe cooperation project between the German Federal Ministry for Environment (BMU) and the German ChemicalIndustry Association (VCI) due to its listing as High Production Volume (HPV) chemical in the European Union.The BMU-VCI project establishes new human biomonitoring methods and biomarkers for fifty emergingsubstances. 300 urine samples (24-hour voids) from the German Environmental Specimen Bank were analyzedfor three specific, secondary oxidized DPHP metabolites (with hydroxyl, oxo and carboxy modifications of thealkyl side chain). Urine samples were collected in the years 1999, 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012, 60 samples peryear, from 30 male and 30 female volunteers (age: 21-29 years). The samples were analyzed by liquid/liquidextraction followed by GC-HRMS, which enabled us to distinguish between DPHP and Di-iso-decyl phthalate(DiDP) metabolites. The limit of quantification was between 0.15 ìg/l and 0.3 ìg/l, depending on the metabolite.All samples were blinded before analysis. DPHP metabolites were not detected in the years 1999-2006.Thereafter, detection rates increased from 3.3% in 2009 to 21.7% in 2012. As expected, mono-oxo-propylheptylphthalate (oxo-MPHP) was the most abundant metabolite, with concentrations between Quelle: 24th Annual Meeting ofThe International Society of Exposure Science: Exposure Science Integration to Protect Ecological Systems,Human Well-Being, and Occupational Health; Abstrct Book ISES 2014 / International Society of Exposure Science, Cincinnati: 2014, S.128
German human biomonitoring health-based guidance values and approaches to interpret internal exposure levels
(2023) Koch, Holger Martin; Apel, Petra; Röhl, Claudia; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Integrating Experience from Cross-sectional Studies and Bio banking in the Development of a Large Scale Birth Cohort
(2013) Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Conrad, André; Apel, Petra; Fiddicke, Ulrike; Schulz, Christine; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Seiwert, Margarete
Background and aim: Harmonization of questionnaires to assess environmental exposures is among the objectives of theEnvironment and Child Health International Birth Cohort Group. Questionnaires are more difficult to harmonize than biologicalor environmental sampling because of language and cultural specificities. They are however important tools to assess the routeof expositions. Methods: The first step of the work has been to gather questionnaires from all the birth cohorts on specificchosen exposures and to translate them into English. The second step will be to produce descriptive statistics from data of pilotor ongoing phases of the different cohorts. The third step will be to analyze the questions in relation to biological orenvironmental measurements in the different countries (not yet available) and to produce recommendations to select the morepertinent questions. Results: The first step highlighted the great diversity of questions provided by the experts from eachcountry and the absence of validated reference questionnaires at the national as well as at the international level. Descriptivestatistics for the assessment of domestic use of pesticides in the US, Japanese, and Chinese birth cohorts will be shown anddiscussed as an example. Conclusion: Environmental epidemiology is a recent field compared to other domains and there is aneed for standardization of questionnaires. The work of the Environment and Child Health International Birth Cohort Group is astep forward to allow selection of questions pertinent for a given exposure. Test retest reliability and back translation into
different languages will also be an important issue to tackle.Quelle: Conference on Environment and Health Basel 2013
Introducing the Cooperation for the Promotion of Human Biomonitoring
(2016) Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Fiddicke, Ulrike; Apel, Petra; Conrad, André
Introduction: Human biomonitoring (HBM) yields sound data on the human exposure to chemicals. Thus, HBM provides information on the need for further action in policy-making or the sufficiency of already applied regulation. HBM also supports the identification of population subgroups that are higher exposed than others and therefore need increased attention in environmental health and consumer protection. Methods: A joint project for increasing the knowledge on chemicals taken up by people from manifold sources and for further improving HBM by developing new analytical methods was started by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) and the German Chemical Industry Association (VCI) in 2010. The German Environment Agency (UBA) supports this cooperation by scientific counseling and leading the head office. The cooperation focuses on substances either with potential health-relevance and/or for which an exposure of the general population can be assumed. For many chemicals falling into this category, currently no analytical method for human samples (e. g. urine or blood) exists that allows a specific and sensitive detection of environmental exposure. Hence, a main goal of the cooperation is to develop reliable biomonitoring methods for up to 50 substances by 2020. All these methods will be cross-validated by the independent expert-working group "Analyses in biological Materials" of the German Research Foundation (DFG). VCI is responsible for the development of the methods. This often includes metabolism studies to identify the relevant biomarkers. UBA supports BMUB in the application of the methods, usually within the framework of the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) and the German Environmental Surveys (GerES). Additionally, the German Human Biomonitoring Commission derives human biomonitoring assessment values for the selected chemicals. Results: Since 2010, methods for 14 chemicals have been developed, including i. a. plasticizers, flame retardants, and technical solvents. The most current methods developed are for the preserving additive CIT/MIT, the plasticizer DEHTP, the antioxidant BHT, and the fragrance Lysmeral. In 2016 method development started for the flame retardant TDCP, the UV filters Uvinul A Plus and Avobenzon, the plasticizer DBA, and the fuel additive Keromet MD. All in all 34 methods have been selected for method development so far. The current status of method development, an overview on scientific articles on methods already available, and envisaged future methods are available on the UBA website. Conclusions: To reach the envisaged number of selected substances for method development of 50 within 10 years, up to 16 more substances will be selected. The cooperation demonstrates that the ongoing development of new analytical methods is vital for fully utilizing HBM̷s potential for environmental health and consumer protection. In view of the large variety of chemicals available on the market, human exposure assessment by HBM strongly depends on the number of sound analytical methods available and their ongoing application in population studies. References: UBA 2016, Cooperation for the promotion of human biomonitoring. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/topics/health/assessing-environmentally-related-health-risks/human-biomonitoring/cooperation-for-the-promotion-of-human In: In: Abstract Book / International Society of Exposure Science - Annual Meeting : interdisciplinary approaches for health and the environment ; Utrecht, the Netherlands, october 9-13. Utrecht: 2016, Seite 708-709
Neue Human-Biomonitoring Methoden für möglicherweise gesundheitsrelevante Stoffe
(2013) Apel, Petra; Fiddicke, Ulrike
Parabens and other phenols in urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESBHum) from 1995 to 2012
(2013) Moos, Rebecca K.; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Apel, Petra; Angerer, Jürgen; Brüning, Thomas; Koch, Holger M.
Because of the ubiquitous presence and the extensive use of parabensand other phenolic substances (like triclosan, triclocarban or benzophenones) in personal care and consumer products, food and beverage processing, pharmaceuticals and disinfectants humans are constantly exposed to these substances. Some of these substances are suspected to affect the endocrine system of humans. The German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESBHum) - supervised and scientifically coordinated by the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) - archives human specimens since 1985 and thus allows assessing trends of human exposure. We quantified the body burden to these substances (9 parabens and 6 other phenolic substances) by analyzing 660 urine samples of the ESBHum (24h-urines) from the years 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005-2009 and 2012; 60 samples per year, from 30 male and 30 female volunteers (age: 21-29 years). We applied a newly developed highly sensitive on-line HPLC-MS/MS method, for the determination of these substances in urine. Analytical limits of quantification were in the range from 0.5 to 2 Ţg/L. The total concentration of the analytes (free and conjugated species) was measured. All samples were blinded before analysis. In nearly all samples parabens could be quantified.Median concentrations over the different years were around 40 Ţg/L for methyl-, 2 Ţg/L for ethyl- and 5 Ţg/L for n-propyl paraben. For the parabens this mainly reflects their consumption volume being highest for methyl paraben, followed by ethyl-, propyl- and butyl paraben. Triclosan was detected in around 60% of all samples analyzed. Median benzophenone-3 levels fell from around 2.5 Ţg/L (1995-2003) to < LOQ (2005-2012). For all other analytes medians are below the LOQ. Over the years we observed rather constant levels of exposures, except for the decrease in benzophenone-3. This retrospective study provides first data on internal exposures to the above substances in Germany from 1995 till 2012. Quelle: http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov
Results of the first large-scale Pan-European Human Biomonitoring Project HBM4EU
(2023) Pack, Kim Laura; Lange, Rosa; Vogel, Nina; Apel, Petra; Gerofke, Antje; Schmidt, Phillipp; Weber, Till; Weise, Philipp; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Sharing experiences from human biomonitoring studies and programs in Germany and Europe
(2015) Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Apel, Petra; Fiddicke, Ulrike; Schwedler, Gerda; Conrad, André
The Health Research Framework Program of the German Federal Government identifies birth cohorts as the instrument of choice to elucidate relationships between exposure to environmental chemicals, well-being of infants and children, and health in later life. But even large scale birth cohorts can for practical reasons - sample collection, burden of participants, and costs - not cover all issues of concern. Therefore, integrating experiences from other national and international studies is necessary for setting priorities in the study design, e.g. selection of chemicals to be analyzed. Lessons learned from German and European HBM studies and programs may support this process: 1) Focusing on health relevance and potential exposure of the general population, the scientific agencies in charge of chemical safety in Germany have identified emerging chemicals and assigned high priority to them for being analyzed in population studies. 2) Observed links between chemicals (e.g. fragrances) and health effects in cross-sectional studies further predestine compounds for evaluation in cohort studies. 3) Availability of assessment values is also important when choosing biomarkers: UBAs Human Biomonitoring Commission has derived 6 new toxicologically based HBM values to assess internal exposures. First HBM data on the solvents N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-methyl-pyrrolidone and the new plasticizer Hexamoll® DINCH and di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP) show that exposures are well below the specific HBM-I-values. 4) Options for combining data from several international studies may be another reason for decisions on study design. For joint data assessment, transfer of (individual) data and exchange of samples, ethical and data protection standards have to be considered. Experiences from the German Environmental Survey (GerES), the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) and the European HBM project COPHES help solving these issues also in birth cohorts.Quelle: 25th annual meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES). 18-22 October 2015. Henderson-Nevada USA. URL: http://www.ises2015.org/. We-S-B1-02.S. 179.
Strategies for health interpretation
(2018) Ougier, Eva; Apel, Petra; Lange, Rosa
The exposure of German children and young adults to chemicals of concern
(2013) Apel, Petra; Conrad, André; Fiddicke, Ulrike; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Schulz, Christine; Seiwert, Margarete
The German Environmental Specimen Bank - Human exposure to emerging chemicals and their regulation
(2014) Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Rüther, Maria; Conrad, André; Apel, Petra
Europeans are still substantially exposed tochemicals. Toxicological and epidemiological studies
have revealed several associations between exposureand health effects for numerous substances. InGermany exposure to various chemicals is well documentedby the German Environmental Survey (GerES)and the Environmental Specimen Bank CESB). Many relevantsources of exposure and chemicals of concernhave changed over time: While in the past ambient airand drinking water were particularly important, today'smain sources are nutrition, indoor air, cosmetics, andconsumer products. After identification of substancesof toxicological relevance and to which the generalpopulation might considerably be exposed new humanbiomonitoring (HBM) methods for i. a. the sensitizingagent methylenediphenyldiisocyanate (MDI), the two
plasticisers Hexamoll® DI NCH®,Di-2-propylheptylphthalate CDPHP)- both substitutes for Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP)- and parabenes have beendeveloped and-if appropriate- applied to ESB samples.While MDI and DPHP seem not to be related with ameasurable exposure of occupationally non-exposedpersons, DINCH levels increase constantly since marketingof this new substance.The relevance of thesefindings is to be assessed by derivation of toxicological
Human-Biomonitoring-Values as well as by HBMstudies in the population-representative GerES V. ln vestigationof chemicals relevant today by HBM helpsto prioritize futher toxicological investigations andprovides guidance for consumer decisions and policy.However, a continuous monitoring also of well knownsubstances is essential for assessing impacts of chemicals
on children. GerES and ESB are funded by theFederal Ministries for the Environment as well as Educationand Research.
Quelle: Programme Book : ESBB Annual Meeting, October 21-24, 2014 / ESBB. Leipzig, 2014, S. 32-33
The German Environmental Survey and the Environmental Specimen Bank
(2016) Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Apel, Petra; Conrad, André; Fiddicke, Ulrike; Rüther, Maria; Schulz, Christine; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Schwedler, Gerda
The German Human Biomonitoring Commission - Reference- and HBM-Values
(2014) Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Apel, Petra; Schulz, Christine
The German Human Biomonitoring Programme
(2016) Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Apel, Petra; Leng, Gabriele; Fiddicke, Ulrike
The German initiative to enhance human biomonitoring
(2015) Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Apel, Petra; Leng, Gabriele; Koch, Holger; Fiddicke, Ulrike
The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) and the German Chemical Industry Association e. V. (VCI) cooperate since 2010 to increase the knowledge on the internal exposure to chemicals of the general population. Scientific coordination and HBM studies are in the responsibility of the Federal Environment Agency. Emphasis is placed on substances with either a potential health relevance or on substances to which the general population might potentially be exposed to a considerable extent. After identification of relevant chemicals by an expert panel human biomonitoring (HBM) methods are developed and first applied to about 40 non-occupationally exposed individuals. The analytical methods are cross-validated by the working group ´Analyses in biological Materials of the German Research Foundation (DFG) and published together with pilot-test results in international, peer-reviewed journals. In parallel the Human Biomonitoring Commission of the Federal Environment Agency derives toxicologically based Human Biomonitoring-values to interpret the relevance of the exposure levels observed. Up to now 29 chemicals have been chosen for method development, 10 analytical methods are finished and HBM-values for 6 substances have most recently been derived. Application of the new methods in samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank revealed decreasing, stable or increasing time trends for the technical solvents N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-methyl-pyrrolidone and the plasticizer alternatives Hexamoll® DINCH and di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP). Exposure levels in none of the samples analyzed up to now exceeded the respective HBM-I-value. As a next step the new methods will be applied to samples from children and adolescents from the population representative 5th German Environmental Survey. Our HBM studies contribute to a realistic exposure and risk assessment for these chemicals in Germany.
Quelle: http://www.ises2015.org/
Vorstellung der 1. Bilanz zur gemeinsamen Forschungsstrategie der Ressortforschungseinrichtungen des Bundes "Nanotechnologie - Gesundheits- und Umweltrisiken von Nanomaterialien"
(2013) Apel, Petra; Dubbert, Wolfgang; Völker, Doris

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