Lade...
Publikationstyp
Forschungsbericht
Monographie
Monographie
Erscheinungsjahr
final report
Autor:innen
Herausgeber
Quelle
Schlagwörter
Energiewende, Energieträger, Lagerung, Power-to-X-Technologien, Ökobilanz, energy transition, renweable energy, energy source, storage, Power-to-X, Life Cycle Assessment
Förderkennzeichen (FKZ)
37161080
Forschungskennzahl
Zitation
Liebich, A., Fröhlich, T., & Münter, D. (2021). System comparison of storable energy carriers from renewable energies (Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt, ed.). Umweltbundesamt. https://doi.org/10.60810/openumwelt-6694
Zusammenfassung englisch
In the course of the transformation to a greenhouse gas-neutral society in the second half of the 21st century, the use of synthetic energy carriers based on renewable electricity or biomass is under discussion. This project evaluates the environmental impacts of technical and logistical options for the generation of such energy carriers on the basis of environmental impact categories such as global warming potential, acidification or land use. The production of five products (Fischer-Tropsch fuels, methanol, synthetic natural gas, biomethane and hydrogen) was examined based on various process steps/procedures and their current and future technical data. By using regional factors for Germany, Europe, and the Mediterranean region - like the availability of renewable energy carriers such as wind or PV and of raw materials such as carbon or water as well as transport routes to Germany - these processes were combined to form supply paths for these energy carriers. Using the method of life cycle assessment, the environmental effects were analysed for today and 2050. In addition, the costs for plant construction and operation were estimated. The results show that synthetic energy carriers generally have a significantly lower global warming potential than today's fossil reference products due to the use of renewable energies. However, the production of electricity generation plants and associated economic processes - such as steel and cement production - can still make a relevant contribution to the global warming potential if they are not also greenhouse neutral. At the same time, it is this production of the necessary plants that leads to (sometimes significantly) increased burdens compared with the fossil reference in almost all other impact categories, most notably in terms of water and land use. This study therefore also provides indications of which environmental impacts must be further reduced in the future. Quelle: Froschungsbericht
Organisationseinheiten
Übersetzungen
Verbundene Publikation
Detailed analyses of the system comparison of storable energy carriers from renewable energies
(Umweltbundesamt, 2021)
In the course of the transformation to a greenhouse gas-neutral society in the second half of the 21st century, the use of synthetic energy carriers based on renewable electricity or biomass is under discussion. This project evaluates the environmental impacts of technical and logistical options for the generation of such energy carriers on the basis of environmental impact categories such as global warming potential, acidification or land use. The production of five products (Fischer-Tropsch fuels, methanol, synthetic natural gas, biomethane and hydrogen) was examined on the basis of various process steps/procedures and their current and future technical data. By using regional factors for Germany, Europe and the Mediterranean region - like the availability of renewable energy sources such as wind or PV and of raw materials such as carbon or water as well as transport routes to Germany - these processes were combined to form supply paths for these energy carriers. Using the life cycle assessment method, the environmental effects were analysed for today and 2050. In addition, the costs for plant construction and operation were estimated. As a result, synthetic energy carriers generally have a significantly lower global warming potential than today's fossil reference products due to the use of renewable energies. However, the production of electricity generation plants and associated economic processes - such as steel and cement production - can still make a relevant contribution to the global warming potential if they are not also greenhouse neutral. At the same time, it is this production of the necessary plants that leads to (sometimes significantly) increased burdens compared with the fossil reference in almost all other impact categories, most notably in terms of water and land use. This study therefore also provides indications of which environmental impacts must be further reduced in the future. Quelle: Forschungsbericht
Climate and environmental effects of the manufacture of PtGLS products and technical measures for mitigation
(2026)
Life cycle analyses (LCA) were conducted for 56 production pathways for hydrogen (green, blue, turquoise), ammonia, methane, methanol, dimethyl ether (DME) and Fischer-Tropsch products, supplemented by 12 target scenarios for optimized future technologies.In most cases, the electricity-based production paths have significant climate advantages over fossil references – provided that the entire process chain is operated with renewable electricity. In other environmental categories (e.g. acidification, eutrophication, land use) higher loads may occur. The choice of power source (wind, PV) and transportation options (pipeline, ship, ammonia, LOHC) significantly influence the environmental impact.
Kriterienentwicklung für die nachhaltige Bereitstellung von PtGLS-Produkten
(2026)
Der vorliegende Bericht beschäftigt sich mit der Nachhaltigen Bereitstellung von (Pt)GLS-Produkten in Ländern außerhalb der EU. Der Begriff Nachhaltig ist in diesem Zusammenhang in Anlehnung an die Ziele der Agenda 2030 zu verstehen. Hierfür wurde ein Katalog an Indikatoren in den 5 Dimensionen: Soziales, Staatsführung (Governance), Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Technisches basierend auf verfügbarer Literatur entwickelt und auf eine exemplarische Auswahl an Ländern angewandt. In einem zweiten Schritt wurden ausgewählte Instrumente mit Relevanz für den Hanel mit Wasserstoff daraufhin analysiert, ob und in welchem Umfang sich der Kriterienkatalog dort wiederfindet. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die betrachteten Instrumente die erarbeiteten Indikatoren nicht ausreichend abdecken um einen nachhaltigen Hochlauf von Handelsbeziehungen im Rahmen von Wasserstoffimporten abzusichern. Die Indikatoren geben relevante Informationen darüber, welche Aspekte z.B. bei bilateralen Handelsbeziehungen besondere Beachtung erfahren sollten und was bei der Weiterentwicklung von Regulatorik im Zusammenhang mit einem globalen Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft stärker zu berücksichtigen ist.