Organisationseinheit: Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt. Fachgebiet I.1.4 - Wirtschafts-und sozialwissenschaftliche Umweltfragen, sozialökologischer Strukturwandel, nachhaltiger Konsum
Lade...
Ursprungsdatum
Stadt
Land
ID
ROR Identifier
Publikationen
Untersuchung ökonomischer Instrumente zur Verringerung des Verpackungsverbrauches sowie zur Stärkung des Kunststoffrecyclings und des Rezyklateinsatzes
(2025) Klinge, Johannes; Hermann, Andreas; Manhart, Andreas; Bachmann, Hannah; Klinge, Benjamin; Achilles, Lina-Sophie; Klinski, Stefan; Bartnik, Sabine; Löhle, Stephan; Schüler, Kurt; Marasus, Stefan; Cayé, Nicolas; Rothgang, Michael; Dehio, Jochen; Janßen-Timmen, Ronald; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt; Krüger, Franziska
Die absolute Verringerung des Verpackungsverbrauchs und eine bessere Kreislaufführung von Kunststoffen sind wichtige Ziele für den Umwelt- und Ressourcenschutz. Neben regulatorischen Vorgaben können ökonomische Anreize einen effektiven Beitrag zur Erreichung erwünschter Lenkungswirkungen leisten. In dem Forschungsvorhaben werden daher verschiedene ökonomische Instrumente erarbeitet und geprüft, die zur Vermeidung von Verpackungen und zur Förderung des Kunststoffrecyclings beitragen sollen. Ein zentraler Bestandteil sind zudem Überlegungen für ein nationales Instrument auf der Grundlage des EU-Eigenmittels auf nicht-recycelte Kunststoffverpackungsabfälle.
Reasonable or radical? First-order, second-order, and meta-stereotypes of different climate activists among the German public and climate activists
(2025) Köhler, Jana Katharina; Geiger, Sandra J.; Gellrich, Angelika; Münsch, Marlene; White, Mathew P.; Pahl, Sabine
Climate activists engaging in public protest can play a vital role in accelerating the socio-ecological trans formation. How activists are viewed likely influences the success of their actions. Across two German samples, we investigated how (a) the public viewed climate activists (first-order stereotypes), (b) how the public thought the public viewed climate activists (second-order stereotypes), and (c) how climate activists thought the public viewed them (meta-stereotypes). Unconventional climate activists (street-gluers) were viewed much more negatively than conventional climate activists (street-marchers) by a representative sample of the German public (N = 1,002). The public overestimated minority stereotypes, and underestimated majority stereo types—indicating pluralistic ignorance. Regarding street-marchers, the public’s second-order stereotypes were overly negative, meaning the public thought that more members of the public viewed street-marchers negatively than was actually the case. By contrast, the public’s second-order stereotypes of street-gluers were overly pos itive. More negative first- and second-order stereotypes among the public were associated with lower activist support; more positive first- and second-order stereotypes were positively associated with more activist support. In a convenience sample of German climate activists (N = 267), street-marchers thought they were viewed more negatively by the public than they actually were, whereas street-gluers thought they were viewed more pos itively—the first finding being in line and the second at odds with intergroup negativity bias. Both activist groups also underestimated majority stereotypes and overestimated minority stereotypes about themselves (pluralistic ignorance). The results support both theoretical accounts of pluralistic ignorance and intergroup negativity bias—although they support pluralistic ignorance more substantively—suggesting the biases are not mutually exclusive. These insights are important because the biased social reality experienced by the public and climate activists can have profound influences on judgments and decision-making around climate change. © 2025 The Authors.
Quantifizierung des Dienstwagenprivilegs
(2026) Gerhards, Eva; Kraken, Fabian; Thöne, Michael; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
Die Studie untersucht die fiskalischen und ökologischen Wirkungen der pauschalen Besteuerung privater Dienstwagennutzung in Deutschland (1%-Regel) einschließlich der Sonderregelungen für Elektro- und Plug-in-Hybridfahrzeuge. Auf Grundlage aktueller und belastbarerer Daten als in früheren Analysen wird das sogenannte Dienstwagenprivileg quantifiziert. Dabei werden die Wirkungen der Fahrzeugbereitstellung und der privaten Nutzung zur besseren Nachvollziehbarkeit erstmals getrennt betrachtet. Zudem werden die Auswirkungen der aktuellen Steuerregelung auf private Fahrten mit Dienstwagen sowie die daraus resultierenden Umweltwirkungen analysiert.
Identifying and supporting vulnerable households in light of rising fossil energy costs
(2025) Schumacher, Katja; Noka, Viktoria; Cludius, Johanna; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
Rising energy prices, poor energy performance of buildings and low incomes can leave households unable to meet their energy needs, adequately heat their homes or pay their energy bills. These households are referred to as energy poor or vulnerable households. However, a standardised definition and robust indicators of energy poverty are currently lacking in Germany. This study therefore addresses the concepts of energy poverty and vulnerability, presents definitions and indicators, and looks at policies and measures to support affected groups. The study emphasises that energy poverty should not be seen as part of general poverty, but as a distinct structural problem. Due to budget constraints or lack of decision-making power, affected households are unable to respond adequately to an increase in fossil fuel prices, for example as a result of CO2 pricing, by investing in energy-efficient refurbishment or renewable heat.To prevent a worsening of social inequalities as a result of the European carbon pricing scheme for buildings and transport (ETS2), the Social Climate Fund will be established at EU level to complement the ETS2. The National Social Climate Plans, due in mid-2025, require EU member states to define energy poverty and vulnerability, develop indicators to identify these groups, and design policies and measures to help these groups transition to climate-friendly technologies.Using a range of indicators, the study concludes that around 3 million households in Germany are vulnerable to rising fossil fuel prices. This represents around 10% of the 30 million households that use fossil fuels for heating. More than 80% of these vulnerable households live in multi-family dwellings and almost all of them are tenants.The study examines different instruments to support vulnerable households and also looks at good practice examples from other countries. Socially differentiated financing of efficiency and decarbonisation measures, similar to the French MaPrimeRénov' programme, could also help those households to invest that have so far hardly benefited from state funding programmes in Germany.
Beschreibung
Ergebnisse