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Phylogeography of the invasive cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii
(2003) Neilan, B. A.; Saker, Martin L.; Fastner, J.; Törökné, A.; Burns, P. B.
Chemical analysis of the quality of water for human consumption
(2013)
The following is a proposal for the revision of method-performance characteristics for the chemical analysis of water intended for human consumption under the Drinking Water Directive (DWD) 98/83/EC.
According to the proposal, the EN ISO/IEC 17025 Standard should be introduced into the Directive, and the performance characteristics, measurement uncertainty (MU) and limit of quantification (LOQ) should replace or complement those currently in use (i.e. trueness, precision and limit of detection). Minimum performance characteristics for MU and LOQ are also suggested for each chemical parameter.
Quelle: http://www.sciencedirect.com/
Implementation and evaluation of the water safety plan approach for buildings
(2019) Rapp, Thomas; Rickert, Bettina; Schmidt, Isabelle; Schmoll, Oliver
The World Health Organization promotes water safety plans (WSPs) - a risk-based management approach - for premise plumbing systems in buildings to prevent deterioration of drinking-water quality. Experience with the implementation of WSPs in buildings were gathered within a pilot project in Germany. The project included an evaluation of the feasibility and advantages of WSPs by all stakeholders who share responsibility in drinking-water safety. While the feasibility of the concept was demonstrated for all buildings, benefits reported by building operators varied. The more technical standards were complied with before implementing WSP, the less pronounced were the resulting improvements. In most cases, WSPs yielded an increased system knowledge and awareness for drinking-water quality issues. WSPs also led to improved operation of the premise plumbing system and provided benefits for surveillance authorities. A survey among the European Network of Drinking-Water Regulators on the existing legal framework regarding drinking-water safety in buildings exhibited that countries are aware of the need to manage risks in buildings' installations, but experience with WSP is rare. Based on the successful implementation and the positive effects of WSPs on drinking-water quality, we recommend the establishment of legal frameworks that require WSPs for priority buildings whilst accounting for differing conditions in buildings and countries. Quelle: https://iwaponline.com
Entwicklung eines Frühwarnsystems für die Berliner Unterhavel
(2019) Seis, Wolfgang; Meier, Sebastian; Osaki, Mikio; Szewzyk, Regine
Im Zuge des Forschungsprojektes FLUSSHYGIENE wurden Bewirtschaftungsinstrumente entwickelt, die aus hygienischer Sicht ein sicheres Baden in Flüssen ermöglichen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Rahmenbedingungen und den Aufbau eines Frühwarnsystems an der Berliner Unterhavel vor. Das System besteht aus einem numerischen Modell zur Vorhersage der Wasserqualität sowie der Definition von Entscheidungskriterien, ab denen vor Gewässerverunreinigungen gewarnt wird. In Berlin konnten funktionierende Modelle mit Hilfe frei verfügbarer Daten aufgebaut und über drei Jahre validiert werden. Im Jahr 2018 wurde die aufgebaute Webseite von rund 50 000 Nutzern besucht. Im Rahmen der verlängerten Projektlaufzeit wird der für Berlin aufgebaute Prototyp durch eine verbesserte Visualisierung und eine robustere Ausgestaltung der Datenübertragung weiterentwickelt. Ergebnisse sind für Ende Oktober 2019 zu erwarten. In: Korrespondenz Wasserwirtschaft : KW ; Organ der DWA ; Wasser, Boden, Natur - 12 (2019), Heft 9, Seite 518
Linking water quality monitoring and climate-resilient water safety planning in two urban drinking water utilities in Ethiopia
(2019) Berg, Harold van den; Ibrahim, Seada; Rickert, Bettina
Unsafe drinking water is a recognized health threat in Ethiopia, and climate change, rapid population growth, urbanization and agricultural practices put intense pressure on availability and quality of water. Climate change-related health problems due to floods and waterborne diseases are increasing. With increasing insight into impacts of climate change and urbanization on water availability and quality and of required adaptations, a shift towards climate-resilient water safety planning was introduced into an Ethiopian strategy and guidance document to guarantee safe drinking water. Climate-resilient water safety planning was implemented in the urban water supplies of Addis Ababa and Adama, providing drinking water to 5 million and 500,000 people, respectively. Based on the risks identified with climate-resilient water safety planning, water quality monitoring can be optimized by prioritizing parameters and events which pose a higher risk for contaminating the drinking water. Water quality monitoring was improved at both drinking water utilities and at the Public Health Institute to provide relevant data used as input for climate-resilient water safety planning. By continuously linking water quality monitoring and climate-resilient water safety planning, utilization of information was optimized, and both approaches benefit from linking these activities. © 2019 The Authors
Three reasons why the Water Framework Directive (WFD) fails to identify pesticide risks
(2021) Arle, Jens; Liebmann, Liana; Weisner, Oliver
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) demands that good status is to be achieved for all European water bodies. While governmental monitoring under the WFD mostly concludes a good status with regard to pesticide pollution, numerous scientific studies have demonstrated widespread negative ecological impacts of pesticide exposure in surface waters. To identify reasons for this discrepancy, we analysed pesticide concentrations measured in a monitoring campaign of 91 agricultural streams in 2018 and 2019 using methodologies that exceed the requirements of the WFD. This included a sampling strategy that takes into account the periodic occurrence of pesticides and a different analyte spectrum designed to reflect current pesticide use. We found that regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) were exceeded for 39 different pesticides at 81% of monitoring sites. In comparison, WFD-compliant monitoring of the same sites would have detected only eleven pesticides as exceeding the WFD-based environmental quality standards (EQS) at 35% of monitoring sites. We suggest three reasons for this underestimation of pesticide risk under the WFD-compliant monitoring: (1) The sampling approach - the timing and site selection are unable to adequately capture the periodic occurrence of pesticides and investigate surface waters particularly susceptible to pesticide risks; (2) the measuring method - a too narrow analyte spectrum (6% of pesticides currently approved in Germany) and insufficient analytical capacities result in risk drivers being overlooked; (3) the assessment method for measured concentrations - the protectivity and availability of regulatory thresholds are not sufficient to ensure a good ecological status. We therefore propose practical and legal refinements to improve the WFD's monitoring and assessment strategy in order to gain a more realistic picture of pesticide surface water pollution. This will enable more rapid identification of risk drivers and suitable risk management measures to ultimately improve the status of European surface waters. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd.
Management kurzzeitiger Verschmutzungen an Flussbadegewässern
(2022) Schmidt, Alexandra; Seis, Wolfgang; Selinka, Hans-Christoph
Flüsse sind komplexe ökologische Systeme, die eine unterschiedliche Nutzung erfahren. Einerseits bilden sie den Lebensraum vieler Tier- und Pflanzenarten, andererseits gehören sie zu den wichtigsten ökonomischen und infrastrukturellen Einheiten. An Fließgewässer werden somit unterschiedliche Nutzungsansprüche gestellt - mit entsprechenden Auswirkungen. Badegewässer an Flüssen einzurichten und zu managen, stellt daher in mehrfacher Hinsicht eine Herausforderung dar. Strömungen und die Schifffahrt bergen physische Risiken für das Baden im Fluss. Zudem müssen Vorsorgemaßnahmen ergriffen werden, um die Gesundheit der Badenden auch bei einer stark schwankenden hygienischen Wasserqualität zu schützen. Die daraus resultierenden Bemühungen, um ein sicheres Baden in Fließgewässern zu gewährleisten, können sich aber insbesondere für Städte und Metropolregionen lohnen, in denen Seen und Talsperren kaum vorhanden sind oder sich diese nur mit erhöhtem Aufwand für die Bevölkerung erreichen lassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund entstand aus dem BMBFgeförderten Projekt FLUSSHYGIENE (2017-020) nicht nur ein unterstützender thematischer Leitfaden, sondern es konnte im Zuge dessen auch ein Frühwarnsystem an fünf Berliner Flussbadegewässern erfolgreich eingerichtet und betrieben werden. Quelle: UMID : Umwelt und Mensch - Informationsdienst ; Umwelt & Gesundheit, Umweltmedizin, Verbraucherschutz / Boden- und Lufthygiene (Berlin) Institut für Wasser- - (2022), Heft 02, Seite 33
Combined Surface-Subsurface Stream Restoration Structures Can Optimize Hyporheic Attenuation of Stream Water Contaminants
(2023) Herzog, Skuyler P.; Galloway, Jason; Banks, Eddie W.; Gergs, René; Sahm, René; Kusebauch, Björn
There is a design-to-function knowledge gap regarding how engineered stream restoration structures can maximize hyporheic contaminant attenuation. Surface and subsurface structures have each been studied in isolation as techniques to restore hyporheic exchange, but surface-subsurface structures have not been investigated or optimized in an integrated manner. Here, we used a numerical model to systematically evaluate key design variables for combined surface (i.e., weir height and length) and subsurface (i.e., upstream and downstream baffle plate spacing) structures. We also compared performance metrics that place differing emphasis on hyporheic flux versus transit times. We found that surface structures tended to create higher flux, shorter transit time flowpaths, whereas subsurface structures promoted moderate-flux, longer transit time flowpaths. Optimal combined surface-subsurface structures could increase fluxes and transit times simultaneously, thus providing conditions for contaminant attenuation that were many times more effective than surface or subsurface structures alone. All performance metrics were improved by the presence of an upstream plate and the absence of a downstream plate. Increasing the weir length tended to improve all metrics, whereas the optimal weir height varied based on metrics. These findings may improve stream restoration by better aligning specific restoration goals with appropriate performance metrics and hyporheic structure designs. © https://pubs.acs.org/
Improving the regulatory environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals: Required changes in the new legislation
(2023) Gildemeister, Daniela; Moermond, Caroline T.A.; Berg, Cecilia
One of the flagship actions of the Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe is to address environmental challenges associated with pharmaceutical use. This includes strengthening the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) at marketing authorisation (MA) of pharmaceuticals, and revision of the pharmaceutical legislation where needed. The overall aim of an ERA should be to enable comprehensive and effective identification and management of environmental risks of pharmaceuticals without affecting the availability of pharmaceuticals to patients. As experts in the evaluation of ERAs of human medicinal products submitted by pharmaceutical industries (Applicants), we have summarized the current status of the ERA and suggest legislative changes to improve environmental protection without affecting availability. Six regulatory goals were defined and discussed, including possible ways forward: 1) mandatory ERAs in accordance to the EMA guideline at the time of the MA, 2) enforcement of risk mitigation measures including re-evaluation of the ERA, 3) facilitated exchange of environmental data between pharmaceutical and environmental legislations, 4) substance-based assessments, 5) transparency of data, and 6) a catching-up procedure for active pharmaceutical ingredients that lack an ERA. These legislative proposals can be considered as prerequisites for a harmonised assessment and effective management of environmental risks and hazards of human pharmaceuticals. © 2023 The Authors.
Proposal for regulatory risk mitigation measures for human pharmaceutical residues in the environment
(2023) Moermond, Caroline T.A.; Berg, Cecilia; Bergstrom, Ulrika; Gildemeister, Daniela
Environmental risks of human pharmaceutical products should be made transparent and mitigated as far as possible. We propose to apply a risk mitigation scheme to the marketing authorisation of human medicinal products which is pragmatic and tailored, and thus will not increase the burden to regulators and industry too much. This scheme takes into account increasing knowledge and accuracy of the environmental risk estimates, applying preliminary risk mitigation when risks are determined based on model estimates, and definitive, more strict and far-reaching risk mitigation when risks are based on actual measured environmental concentrations. Risk mitigation measures should be designed to be effective, proportional, easy to implement, and in line with current (other) legislation, as well as not being a burden to the patient/health care professionals. Furthermore, individual risk mitigation measures are proposed for products showing environmental risks, while general risk mitigation measures can be applied to all products to reduce the overall burden of pharmaceuticals in the environment. In order to effectively mitigate risk, linking marketing authorisation legislation to environmental legislation is essential. © 2023 The Authors

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