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Veröffentlichung Zur Bedeutung der Listen bekannt gemachter Mittel und Verfahren für behördlich angeordnete Entseuchungen, Entwesungen und zur Bekämpfung von Wirbeltieren auf Grundlage des § 18 Infektionsschutzgesetz(2014)Zum Schutz des Menschen vor übertragbaren Krankheiten dürfen bei behördlich angeordneten Entseuchungen (Desinfektion), Entwesungen (Bekämpfung von Gliedertieren) und Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung von Wirbeltieren, durch die Krankheitserreger verbreitet werden können, nur Mittel und Verfahren verwendet werden, die von der zuständigen Bundesoberbehörde in einer Liste im Bundesgesundheitsblatt bekannt gemacht worden sind. Die Aufnahme in die Liste erfolgt nur, wenn die Mittel und Verfahren hinreichend wirksam sind und keine unvertretbaren Auswirkungen auf Gesundheit und Umwelt haben (§ 18 IFSG). Für Hersteller von Desinfektionsmitteln und Schädlingsbekämpfungsmitteln besteht keine Verpflichtung, ihre Präparate in die Listen nach § 18 IfSG eintragen zu lassen. Insbesondere ist die Eintragung in die Listen keine Voraussetzung für den Marktzugang in Deutschland. Dem Anwender steht die Wahl des Mittels grundsätzlich frei, soweit es sich nicht um behördlich angeordnete Maßnahmen, d. h. Entseuchungen, Entwesungen oder Maßnahmen gegen Wirbeltiere gemäß § 17 IfSG handelt. Es ist jedoch dringend zu empfehlen, auch bei routinemäßiger Anwendung die oben genannten Listen zu Rate zu ziehen, da bei den dort aufgeführten Mitteln und Verfahren die Wirksamkeit durch behördliche, teilweise im Rahmen von Akkreditierungen qualitätsgesicherten Prüfungen oder Sachverständigengutachten belegt und von unabhängigen Institutionen bestätigt wurde.
© www.link.springer.comVeröffentlichung Studies on Pyrethroid Resistance in Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), in Berlin, Germany(2014)Pyrethroid-resistance in bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, has been described in many countries, but upto now, for Germany no data are available. However, pest control companies increasingly report difficulties incontrolling bed bugs with pyrethroids. In the present study four bed bug strains were collected from infestedapartments in Berlin and reared in the laboratory without insecticide selection pressure. In this work bed bugcolonies are referred to as strains, which denotes their origin but individuals within a strain and not geneticallyuniform. A filter contact bioassay was developed and susceptibility of the collected bed bug strains againstdeltamethrin was determined in comparison to a pyrethroid susceptible laboratory strain. Resistance ratios,calculated from LD50-values were between Rr 3.8 and Rr 5.1. Molecular studies regarding two mutations V419Land L925I in the voltage gated sodium channel á?subunit gene, which have been reported to be involved inknockdown resistance (kdr) in bed bugs collected from the USA, were also performed. Pyrosequencing of genomicDNA fragments showed the presence of mutation L925I in each of the four studied field populations with allelefrequencies between 30% and 59%, while it was not detectable in the laboratory strain. Furthermore, none of thetested strains had the substitution V419L. The results demonstrate that decreased pyrethroid susceptibility of bedbugs is present in Germany but resistance levels are considerably lower than reported from the USA and Australia.Quelle: Studies on Pyrethroid Resistance in Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), in Berlin, Germany / Arlette Vander Pan... - graph. Darst. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Urban Pests / Gabi Mueller [Ed.] ; Reiner Pospischil [Ed.] ; William H. Robinson [Ed.]. - Zürich. - (2014), S. 89Veröffentlichung Experimental Design for Efficacy Testing of Baits Against Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)(2014) Krüger, Anne; Klasen, Jutta; Schmolz, ErikIn the European Union, baits against pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis) have to be authorized asbiocidal products. The dossier to be submitted for authorization of the product has to include a proof of productefficacy. No consistent test standards have been established by the European Commission. A test method forefficacy testing of baits against Pharaoh ants was published by the Federal Environment Agency Germany in1998 and is in use for efficacy tests according to the German Infectious Diseases Protection Act. The test systemis a test arena of interconnected test boxes (each 25 cm x 25 cm). In our study, this test system was comparedwith a dish (diameter 23 cm) as test arena. Test duration was 50 days for both arena types (boxes and dish) forchoice and 20 days for no-choice tests. The results for choice tests revealed that in the box system more colonieswere eradicated (boxes: 75%, dishes: 0%) within 50 d, and more queens died (average number of survivingqueens was 0.5 in boxes and 29.7 in dishes).
Quelle: Krüger, Anne; Klasen, Jutta Schmolz, Erik: Experimental Design for Efficacy Testing of Baits Against Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) / Anne Krüger ; Jutta Klasen ; Erik Schmolz. - graph. Darst. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Urban Pests / Gabi Mueller [Ed.] ; Reiner Pospischil [Ed.] ; William H. Robinson [Ed.]. - Zürich. - (2014), S. 239Veröffentlichung In search of the Holy Grail of Rodent control: step-by-step implementation of safe and sustainable-by-design principles on the example of rodenticides(2022) Hohenberger, Johannes; Friesen, Anton; Wieck, StefanieThe field of chemical rodent control has seen no major developments in the last decades, even though anticoagulant rodenticides (AR), the mainly used substances to manage mice and rats, are known environmental pollutants and candidates for substitution under the European Biocidal Products Regulation 528/2012. Moreover, recent political developments in Europe and the USA demand more safety and sustainability in the management of chemicals, reinforcing the need for environmentally friendly substances. In this concept study, we present a step-by-step approach to improve the environmental properties of rodenticides. Repurposing of existing pharmaceuticals, the use of enantiomerically pure rodenticides, or the improvement of the formulation by microencapsulation can help to alleviate environmental problems caused by AR in the short term. Modification of the chemical structures or the development of prodrugs as medium-term strategies can further improve environmental properties of existing compounds. Ultimately, the development of new substances from scratch enables the utilisation of so far ignored modes of actions and the application of modern safe and sustainable-by-design principles to improve target specificity and reduce the negative impact on non-target organisms and the environment. Overall, our concept study illustrates the great potential for improvement in the field of chemical rodent control when applying available techniques of green and sustainable chemistry to known or potential rodenticides. Most promising in the medium term is microencapsulation that would allow for the use of acutely acting substances as it could circumvent bait shyness. On a longer timescale the de novo design of new rodenticides, which is the only method that can combine a high target specificity with good environmental properties, is the most promising approach. © 2022 The AuthorsVeröffentlichung An assessment of animal welfare impacts in wild Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) management(2022) Baker, Sandra; Ayers, M.; Beausoleil, Ngaio; Schmolz, ErikNorway rats (Rattus norvegicus) are considered one of the most significant vertebrate pests globally, because of their impacts on human and animal health. There are legal and moral obligations to minimise the impacts of wildlife management on animal welfare, yet there are few data on the relative welfare impacts of rat trapping and baiting methods used in the UK with which to inform management decisions. Two stakeholder workshops were facilitated to assess the relative welfare impacts of six lethal rat management methods using a welfare assessment model. Fifteen stakeholders including experts in wildlife management, rodent management, rodent biology, animal welfare science, and veterinary science and medicine, participated. The greatest welfare impacts were associated with three baiting methods, anticoagulants, cholecalciferol and non-toxic cellulose baits (severe to extreme impact for days), and with capture on a glue trap (extreme for hours) with concussive killing (mild to moderate for seconds to minutes); these methods should be considered last resorts from a welfare perspective. Lower impacts were associated with cage trapping (moderate to severe for hours) with concussive killing (moderate for minutes). The impact of snap trapping was highly variable (no impact to extreme for seconds to minutes). Snap traps should be regulated and tested to identify those that cause rapid unconsciousness; such traps might represent the most welfare-friendly option assessed for killing rats. Our results can be used to integrate consideration of rat welfare alongside other factors, including cost, efficacy, safety, non-target animal welfare and public acceptability when selecting management methods. We also highlight ways of reducing welfare impacts and areas where more data are needed. © 2022 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare