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Veröffentlichung Monitoring von Oberflächengewässern in Europa(2014) Arle, Jens; Irmer, Ulrich; Mohaupt, VolkerDie Europäische Umwelt-Agentur (EUA) legte im Jahr 2012 mehrere umfassende Berichte zu den Ergebnissen des europäischen Monitorings gemäß EG-WRRL vor. Diese Berichte basieren auf Auswertungen der von den Mitgliedstaaten im Rahmen der offiziellen Berichterstattung zur EG-WRRL an die EU übermittelten Daten (WISE-WFD Datenbank) sowie zusätzlichen Daten aus den Mitgliedstaaten, welche die MS der EUA freiwillig in jährlichem Turnus zur Verfügung stellen. Derzeit erreichen nach Auswertungen der EUA mehr als die Hälfte der europäischen Oberflächenwasserkörper den "guten ökologischen Zustand" bzw. das "gute ökologische Potenzial" nicht. Die europäischen Fließgewässer und Übergangsgewässer weisen einen in Mittel deutlich schlechteren ökologischen Zustand auf und sind deutlich stärkeren Belastungen ausgesetzt als Seen und Küstengewässer. Als Hauptbelastungsgruppen der europäischen Fließgewässer haben die Mitgliedstaaten diffuse Nährstoffeinträge und hydromorphologische Belastungen identifiziert. Beim Grundwasser erreichen derzeit etwa 25 % der Wasserkörper (bezogen auf die Fläche) nicht den guten chemischen Zustand, wobei in den meisten Fällen zu hohe Nitrat-Konzentrationen verantwortlich sind. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse des Monitorings zeigen, dass trotz der deutlichen Verbesserung der Gewässerqualität in den vergangenen 20 Jahren weitere Anstrengungen und Maßnahmen, z. B. zur Verringerung der Nährstoffausträge aus der Landwirtschaft und zur Förderung natürlicher Gewässerstrukturen, in den kommenden Jahren erforderlich sind, um die anspruchsvollen Ziele der EG-WRRL zu erreichen. Quelle: http://www.dwa.deVeröffentlichung Monitoring of Surface Waters in Germany under the Water Framework Directive ̶ A Review of Approaches, Methods and Results(2016) Arle, Jens; Kirst, Ingo; Mohaupt, VolkerThe European CommissionWater Framework Directive (WFD) was established 16 years agoand forms the current basis for monitoring surface waters and groundwater in Europe. This legislationresulted in a necessary adaptation of the monitoring networks and programs for rivers, lakes,and transitional and coastal waters to the requirements of the WFD at German and Europeanlevels. The present study reviews the most important objectives of both the monitoring of surfacewaters and the principles of the WFD monitoring plan. Furthermore, we look at the changes watermonitoring in Germany has undergone over the past sixteen years and we summarize monitoringresults from German surfaces waters under the WFD. Comparisons of European approaches forbiological assessments, of standards set for physical and chemical factors and of environmental quality standards for pollutants reveal the necessity for further European-wide harmonization. The objectiveof this harmonization is to improve comparability of the assessment of the ecological status of watersin Europe, and thus also to more coherently activate action programs of measures.
Quelle: Monitoring of Surface Waters in Germany under the Water Framework Directive - A Review of Approaches, Methods and Results / Jens Arle [Mitverf.] ; Volker Mohaupt [Mitverf.] ;Ingo Kirst [Mitverf.]. - 22 S.: graph. Darst., Kt. In: Water 2016, 8 (6).Veröffentlichung Herstellung der ökologischen Durchgängigkeit - Schlüsselfrage zu Beginn des neuen Bewirtschaftungszyklus(2016) Arle, Jens; Blondzik, Katrin; Mohaupt, Volker; Naumann, Stephan; Völker, JeanetteVeröffentlichung Erfolgsfaktoren der Gewässerentwicklung(2016) Arle, Jens; Pottgiesser, Tanja; Mohaupt, Volker; Naumann, Stephan15 Jahre nach Einführung der EG-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie verfehlendie Mehrzahl der Gewässer immer noch die gestecktenUmweltziele. Hauptgründe sind morphologische Veränderungenund Abflussregulierungen der Flüsse sowie Belastungen mitNähr- und Schadstoffen. Das ist nicht zuletzt darin begründet,dass die Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zur Gewässerentwicklungbislang noch nicht in ausreichendem Maße erfolgt ist. Es gibt inDeutschland immer noch eine Reihe von fachlichen sowie administrativ-rechtlichen Problemen und Restriktionen, die die erfolgreicheUmsetzung von Gewässerentwicklungsmaßnahmenim notwendigen Umfang ver- oder behindern. Daher fand vom
10. bis 11. Mai 2016 der dritte UBA-Workshop "Hydromorphologie"mit dem Schwerpunkt "Erfolgsfaktoren der Gewässerentwicklung"statt. Rund 120 Teilnehmer diskutierten an WorldCafé Tischen und in Workshops die fachlichen Grundlagen undstrategische Instrumente der Flächenbereitstellung, die Planungund Umsetzung hydromorphologischer Maßnahmen sowie derenAkzeptanz in der Öffentlichkeit und die Messung und Bewertungdes Erfolgs hydromorphologischer Maßnahmen. In: Korrespondenz Wasserwirtschaft : KW ; Organ der DWA ; Wasser, Boden, Natur. - 9 (2016), H. 9, S. 520Veröffentlichung Weißstorch und Mensch(2017) Arle, Jens; Boehmer, Winfried; Dziewiaty, Krista; Einhenkel-Arle, Doreen; Heyna, JörgVeröffentlichung www.gewaesser-bewertung.de - Informationsplattform zur Bewertung aller Oberflächengewässer gemäß EG-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie(2018) Pottgiesser, Tanja; Arle, Jens; Bellack, EvaVeröffentlichung Beyond fish eDNA metabarcoding: Field replicates disproportionately improve the detection of stream associated vertebrate species(2021) Macher, Till-Hendrik; Arle, Jens; Schütz, Robin; Koschorreck, JanFast, reliable, and comprehensive biodiversity monitoring data are needed for environmental decision making and management. Recent work on fish environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding shows that aquatic diversity can be captured fast, reliably, and non-invasively at moderate costs. Because water in a catchment flows to the lowest point in the landscape, often a stream, it can collect traces of terrestrial species via surface or subsurface runoff along its way or when specimens come into direct contact with water (e.g., when drinking). Thus, fish eDNA metabarcoding data can provide information on fish but also on other vertebrate species that live in riparian habitats. This additional data may offer a much more comprehensive approach for assessing vertebrate diversity at no additional costs. Studies on how the sampling strategy affects species detection especially of stream-associated communities, however, are scarce. We therefore performed an analysis on the effects of biological replication on both fish as well as (semi-)terrestrial species detection. Along a 2 km stretch of the river Mulde (Germany), we collected 18 1-L water samples and analyzed the relation of detected species richness and quantity of biological replicates taken. We detected 58 vertebrate species, of which 25 were fish and lamprey, 18 mammals, and 15 birds, which account for 50%, 22.2%, and 7.4% of all native species to the German federal state of Saxony-Anhalt. However, while increasing the number of biological replicates resulted in only 24.8% more detected fish and lamprey species, mammal, and bird species richness increased disproportionately by 68.9% and 77.3%, respectively. Contrary, PCR replicates showed little stochasticity. We thus emphasize to increase the number of biological replicates when the aim is to improve general species detections. This holds especially true when the focus is on rare aquatic taxa or on (semi-)terrestrial species, the so-called 'bycatch'. As a clear advantage, this information can be obtained without any additional sampling or laboratory effort when the sampling strategy is chosen carefully. With the increased use of eDNA metabarcoding as part of national fish bioassessment and monitoring programs, the complimentary information provided on bycatch can be used for biodiversity monitoring and conservation on a much broader scale. © 2021 Author(s)Veröffentlichung Three reasons why the Water Framework Directive (WFD) fails to identify pesticide risks(2021) Arle, Jens; Liebmann, Liana; Weisner, OliverThe Water Framework Directive (WFD) demands that good status is to be achieved for all European water bodies. While governmental monitoring under the WFD mostly concludes a good status with regard to pesticide pollution, numerous scientific studies have demonstrated widespread negative ecological impacts of pesticide exposure in surface waters. To identify reasons for this discrepancy, we analysed pesticide concentrations measured in a monitoring campaign of 91 agricultural streams in 2018 and 2019 using methodologies that exceed the requirements of the WFD. This included a sampling strategy that takes into account the periodic occurrence of pesticides and a different analyte spectrum designed to reflect current pesticide use. We found that regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) were exceeded for 39 different pesticides at 81% of monitoring sites. In comparison, WFD-compliant monitoring of the same sites would have detected only eleven pesticides as exceeding the WFD-based environmental quality standards (EQS) at 35% of monitoring sites. We suggest three reasons for this underestimation of pesticide risk under the WFD-compliant monitoring: (1) The sampling approach - the timing and site selection are unable to adequately capture the periodic occurrence of pesticides and investigate surface waters particularly susceptible to pesticide risks; (2) the measuring method - a too narrow analyte spectrum (6% of pesticides currently approved in Germany) and insufficient analytical capacities result in risk drivers being overlooked; (3) the assessment method for measured concentrations - the protectivity and availability of regulatory thresholds are not sufficient to ensure a good ecological status. We therefore propose practical and legal refinements to improve the WFD's monitoring and assessment strategy in order to gain a more realistic picture of pesticide surface water pollution. This will enable more rapid identification of risk drivers and suitable risk management measures to ultimately improve the status of European surface waters. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd.Veröffentlichung A strategy for successful integration of DNA-based methods in aquatic monitoring(2022) Blancher, Philippe; Arle, Jens; Lefrançois, Estelle; Rimet, FrédéricRecent advances in molecular biomonitoring open new horizons for aquatic ecosystem assessment. Rapid and cost-effective methods based on organismal DNA or environmental DNA (eDNA) now offer the opportunity to produce inventories of indicator taxa that can subsequently be used to assess biodiversity and ecological quality. However, the integration of these new DNA-based methods into current monitoring practices is not straightforward, and will require coordinated actions in the coming years at national and international levels. To plan and stimulate such an integration, the European network DNAqua-Net (COST Action CA15219) brought together international experts from academia, as well as key environmental biomonitoring stakeholders from different European countries. Together, this transdisciplinary consortium developed a roadmap for implementing DNA-based methods with a focus on inland waters assessed by the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). This was done through a series of online workshops held in April 2020, which included fifty participants, followed by extensive synthesis work. The roadmap is organised around six objectives: 1) to highlight the effectiveness and benefits of DNA-based methods, 2) develop an adaptive approach for the implementation of new methods, 3) provide guidelines and standards for best practice, 4) engage stakeholders and ensure effective knowledge transfer, 5) support the environmental biomonitoring sector to achieve the required changes, 6) steer the process and harmonise efforts at the European level. This paper provides an overview of the forum discussions and the common European views that have emerged from them, while reflecting the diversity of situations in different countries. It highlights important actions required for a successful implementation of DNA-based biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems by 2030. Copyright Philippe Blancher et al.Veröffentlichung Environmental DNA-based monitoring of the fish ladder in Dessau-Roßlau(2023) Macher, Till-Hendrik; Arle, Jens; Schütz, Robin; Beermann, Arne J.; Koschorreck, Jan; Leese, Florian; Wagner, FalkoFast, reliable, comprehensive, and cost-efficient biodiversity data are needed for environmental assessment and decision making in water management. In this study, we investigated whether eDNA metabarcoding approaches can fulfil these requirements for fish monitoring. We collected 18 water samples of 1 l along a 2 km stretch of the river Mulde (Germany) on a single day in April 2019, in parallel with comprehensive fisheries monitoring conducted over 17 weeks at the fish ladder in Dessau-Roßlau. Additionally, data from Water Framework Directive (WFD) fish monitoring for the years 2017-19 of the same site were available. A total of 33 fish species were detected with all three sampling strategies. The highest number of species was detected with eDNA metabarcoding (28 species), followed by the fish ladder monitoring (27) and the WFD monitoring (22). In direct comparison with the eDNA-based approach, the fish ladder assessment had a higher overlap of detected species (23 of 32 species detected by both methods) than with the WFD monitoring data (19 of 31). While eDNA-based methods are currently limited to assessing species composition, data on abundance and even age composition could also be generated in future. Here, the smart combination of fisheries-based methods with a high spatial and temporal resolution of eDNA metabarcoding can contribute to a better understanding of changes in the ecosystem and thus improve water management. © 2023, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.