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Metabolites of the alkyl pyrrolidone solvents NMP and NEP in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1991 to 2014

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dc.contributor.authorUlrich, Nadin
dc.contributor.authorBury, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorKoch, Holger Martin
dc.contributor.authorKolossa-Gehring, Marike
dc.contributor.authorRüther, Maria
dc.contributor.authorWeber, Till
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-16T15:01:10Z
dc.date.available2024-06-16T15:01:10Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractPurpose The aim of this study was to get a first overview of the exposure to the solvents and reproductive toxicants N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP) in Germany. NMP and NEP metabolite concentrations were determined in 540 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank collected from 1991 to 2014. With these data we were able to investigate NMP/NEP exposures over time and to evaluate associated risks. Methods NMP metabolites 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (5-HNMP) and 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide (2-HMSI) and NEP metabolites 5-hydroxy-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (5-HNEP) and 2-hydroxy-N-ethylsuccinimide (2-HESI) were determined by stable isotope dilution analysis using solid phase extraction followed by derivatization (silylation) and GCâ€ÌEIâ€ÌMS/MS. Results We were able to quantify 5-HNMP and 2-HMSI in 98.0 and 99.6% and 5-HNEP and 2-HESI in 34.8 and 75.7% of the samples. Metabolite concentrations were rather steady over the timeframe investigated, even for NEP which has been introduced as an NMP substitute only in the last decade. Calculated median daily intakes in 2014 were 2.7 Ìg/kg bw/day for NMP and 1.1 Ìg/kg bw/day for NEP. For the combined risk assessment of NMP and NEP exposure, the hazard index based on the human biomonitoring assessment I values (HBM I values) was less than 0.1. Conclusions Based on the investigated subpopulation of the German population, individual and combined NMP and NEP exposures were within acceptable ranges in the investigated timeframe. Sources of NEP exposure in the 90s and 00s remain elusive. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018en
dc.format.extent1 Onlineressource
dc.format.mediumonline resource
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.60810/openumwelt-1691
dc.identifier.urihttps://openumwelt.de/handle/123456789/5833
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
dc.subjectHuman-Biomonitoring
dc.subjectExpositionsabschätzung
dc.titleMetabolites of the alkyl pyrrolidone solvents NMP and NEP in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1991 to 2014
dc.typeWissenschaftlicher Artikel
dc.type.dcmitext
dc.type.mediumcomputer
dspace.entity.typePublication
local.bibliographicCitation.journalTitleInternational Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
local.bibliographicCitation.originalDOI10.1007/s00420-018-1347-y
local.bibliographicCitation.volume91 (2018), Heft 8, Seite 1073-1082
local.collectionAufsätze
local.contributor.authorId02165222
local.contributor.authorId02172065
local.contributor.authorId02110258
local.identifier.catalogId02462154
local.ingest.leader05979naa a2200000uu 4500
local.jointTitleMETABOLITES OF THE ALKYL PYRROLIDONE SOLVENTS NMP AND NEP IN 24H URINE SAMPLES OF THE GERMAN ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIMEN BANK FROM 1991 TO 2014
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0c3b6c3e-eff4-42d8-94e9-07a4fee4049c
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