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Publikationstyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Erscheinungsjahr
2018
Metabolites of the alkyl pyrrolidone solvents NMP and NEP in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1991 to 2014
Metabolites of the alkyl pyrrolidone solvents NMP and NEP in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1991 to 2014
Autor:innen
Herausgeber
Quelle
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
91 (2018), Heft 8, Seite 1073-1082
91 (2018), Heft 8, Seite 1073-1082
Schlagwörter
Human-Biomonitoring, Expositionsabschätzung
Zitation
ULRICH, Nadin, Daniel BURY, Holger Martin KOCH, Marike KOLOSSA-GEHRING, Maria RÜTHER und Till WEBER, 2018. Metabolites of the alkyl pyrrolidone solvents NMP and NEP in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1991 to 2014. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health [online]. 2018. Bd. 91 (2018), Heft 8, Seite 1073-1082. DOI 10.60810/openumwelt-1691. Verfügbar unter: https://openumwelt.de/handle/123456789/5833
Zusammenfassung englisch
Purpose The aim of this study was to get a first overview of the exposure to the solvents and reproductive toxicants N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP) in Germany. NMP and NEP metabolite concentrations were determined in 540 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank collected from 1991 to 2014. With these data we were able to investigate NMP/NEP exposures over time and to evaluate associated risks. Methods NMP metabolites 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (5-HNMP) and 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide (2-HMSI) and NEP metabolites 5-hydroxy-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (5-HNEP) and 2-hydroxy-N-ethylsuccinimide (2-HESI) were determined by stable isotope dilution analysis using solid phase extraction followed by derivatization (silylation) and GCâ€ÌEIâ€ÌMS/MS. Results We were able to quantify 5-HNMP and 2-HMSI in 98.0 and 99.6% and 5-HNEP and 2-HESI in 34.8 and 75.7% of the samples. Metabolite concentrations were rather steady over the timeframe investigated, even for NEP which has been introduced as an NMP substitute only in the last decade. Calculated median daily intakes in 2014 were 2.7 Ìg/kg bw/day for NMP and 1.1 Ìg/kg bw/day for NEP. For the combined risk assessment of NMP and NEP exposure, the hazard index based on the human biomonitoring assessment I values (HBM I values) was less than 0.1. Conclusions Based on the investigated subpopulation of the German population, individual and combined NMP and NEP exposures were within acceptable ranges in the investigated timeframe. Sources of NEP exposure in the 90s and 00s remain elusive. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018