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Publikationstyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Erscheinungsjahr
2016
Daily intake and hazard index of parabens based upon 24 h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1995 to 2012
Daily intake and hazard index of parabens based upon 24 h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1995 to 2012
Autor:innen
Moos, Rebecca K.
Schröter-Kermani, Christa
Brüning, Thomas
Koch, Holger M.
Herausgeber
Quelle
Journal of exposure science and environmental epidemiology
(2016), S. 193-213
(2016), S. 193-213
Schlagwörter
Zitation
MOOS, Rebecca K., Petra APEL, Christa SCHRÖTER-KERMANI, Marike KOLOSSA-GEHRING, Thomas BRÜNING und Holger M. KOCH, 2016. Daily intake and hazard index of parabens based upon 24 h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1995 to 2012. Journal of exposure science and environmental epidemiology [online]. 2016. Bd. (2016), S. 193-213. DOI 10.60810/openumwelt-557. Verfügbar unter: https://openumwelt.de/handle/123456789/7234
Zusammenfassung englisch
In recent years, exposure to parabens has become more of a concern because of evidence of ubiquitous exposure in the general population, combined with evidence of their potency as endocrine disruptors. New human metabolism data from oral exposure experiments enable us to back calculate daily paraben intakes from urinary paraben levels. We report daily intakes (DIs) for six parabens based on 660 24h urine samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank collected between 1995 and 2012. Median DI values ranged between 1.1Ţg/kg bw/day for iso-butyl paraben and 47.5Ţg/kg bw/day for methyl paraben. The calculated DIs were compared with acceptable levels of exposure to evaluate the hazard quotients (HQs) that indicate that acceptable exposure is exceeded for values of >1. Approximately 5% of our study population exceeded this threshold for individual paraben exposure. The hazard index (HI) that takes into account the cumulative risk of adverse estrogenic effects was 1.3 at the 95th percentile and 4.4 at maximum intakes, mainly driven by n-propyl paraben exposure. HI values of >1 indicate some level of concern. However, we have to point out that we applied most conservative assumptions in the HQ/HI calculations. Also, major exposure reduction measures were enacted in the European Union after 2012. Quelle: www.nature.com