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Publikationstyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Erscheinungsjahr
2017
Ecosystem functions as indicators for heathland responses to nitrogen fertilisation
Ecosystem functions as indicators for heathland responses to nitrogen fertilisation
Autor:innen
Bähring, Alexandra
Fichtner, Andreas
Ibe, Karin
Temperton, Vicky M.
von Oheimb, Goddert
Härdtle, Werner
Herausgeber
Quelle
Ecological indicators
72 (2017)
72 (2017)
Schlagwörter
Vegetation
Zitation
BÄHRING, Alexandra, Andreas FICHTNER, Karin IBE, Vicky M. TEMPERTON, Gudrun SCHÜTZE, Goddert VON OHEIMB und Werner HÄRDTLE, 2017. Ecosystem functions as indicators for heathland responses to nitrogen fertilisation. Ecological indicators [online]. 2017. Bd. 72 (2017). DOI 10.60810/openumwelt-46. Verfügbar unter: https://openumwelt.de/handle/123456789/7224
Zusammenfassung englisch
Anthropogenic deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) has increased during the 20th century, and is considered an important driver of shifts in ecosystem functions and biodiversity loss. The objective of the present study was to identify those ecosystem functions that best evidence a target ecosystem̷s sensitivity to N deposition, taking coastal heathlands as an example. We conducted a three-year field experiment in heathlands of the island Fehmarn (Baltic Sea, North Germany), which currently are subject to a background deposition of 9 kg N ha-1 yr-1. We experimentally applied six levels of N fertilisation (application of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1), and quantified the growth responses of different plant species of different life forms (dwarf shrubs, graminoids, bryophytes, lichens) as well as shifts in the C:N ratios of plant tissue and humus horizons. For an applicability of the experimental findings (in terms of heathland management and critical load assessment) fertilisation effects on response variables were visualised by calculating the treatment ĺeffect sizes̷. The current year̷s shoot increment of the dominant dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris proved to be the most sensitive indicator to N fertilisation. Shoot increment significantly responded to additions of = 5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 already in the first year, whereas flower formation of Calluna vulgaris increased only in the high-N treatments. Similarly, tissue C:N ratios of vascular plants (Calluna vulgaris and the graminoids Carex arenaria and Festuca ovina agg.) only decreased in the highest N treatments (50 and 20 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively). In contrast, tissue C:N ratios of cryptogams responded more quickly and sensitively than vascular plants. For example, Cladonia spp. tissue C:N ratios responded to N additions = 5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in the second study year. After three years we observed an increase in cover of graminoids and a corresponding decrease of cryptogams at N fertilisation rates of = 10 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Soil C:N ratios proved to be an inappropriate indicator for N fertilisation at least within our three-year study period. Although current critical N loads for heathlands (10-20 kg N ha-1 yr-1) were confirmed in our experiment, the immediate and highly sensitive response of the current year̷s shoots of Calluna vulgaris suggests that at least some ecosystem functions (e.g. dwarf shrub growth) also might respond to low (i.e. < 10 kg N ha-1 yr-1) but chronic inputs of N. Quelle: http://www.sciencedirect.com