Person: Frische, Tobias
Lade...
E-Mail-Adresse
Geburtsdatum
Forschungsvorhaben
Organisationseinheiten
Berufsbeschreibung
Nachname
Frische
Vorname
Tobias
Name
12 Ergebnisse
Suchergebnisse
Gerade angezeigt 1 - 10 von 12
Veröffentlichung Celebrating 20 years of SETAC German Language Branch (GLB)(2019) Zubrod, Jochen P.; Düring, Rolf-Alexander; Ebke, Klaus P.; Frische, Tobias; Kehrer, AnjaThis editorial presents the objectives and achievements of the German Language Branch of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Europe (SETAC GLB), a regional branch of SETAC Europe, of the last 20 years. SETAC GLB serves Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, by providing an open forum for research related to ecotoxicology and environmental chemistry, to the sustainable management and regulation of natural resources, to education in environmental sciences, as well as to issues related to research and development, and manufacturing of chemicals and products. The editorial serves as an introduction for an article collection published in the journal Environmental Sciences Europe, providing an overview of the current state of ecotoxicology and environmental chemistry in German-speaking countries and of the main developments and key topics within SETAC GLB. The article collection was developed on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the regional branch of SETAC Europe. Quelle: https://enveurope.springeropen.comVeröffentlichung Umweltschutz in der Landwirtschaft(2017) Adler, Nicole; Ehlers, Knut; Friedrich, Barbara; Frische, Tobias; Gather, Corinna; Ginzky, Harald; Hammerich, Jenny; Herrmann, Tim; Hofmeier, Maximilian; Lamfried, Daniel; Matthey, Astrid; Plambeck, Nils Ole; Richter, Simone; Roskosch, Andrea; Starke, Sue-Martina; Vogel, Ines; Walter, Anne; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtFast die Hälfte der Fläche in Deutschland wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Auf diesen Flächen stellen Landwirte Nahrung, Futter und nachwachsende Rohstoffe her. Was wir auf unserem Teller haben, kommt zu großen Teilen aus Deutschland. Doch die konventionelle Intensivlandwirtschaft führt zu dramatischen Umweltschäden in Wasser, Boden und Luft, beeinträchtigt die Biodiversität und das Klima. Wie es anders gehen könnte, zeigt die neue Fachbroschüre. Quelle: UmweltbundesamtVeröffentlichung Der stumme Frühling - Zur Notwendigkeit eines umweltverträglichen Pflanzenschutzes(2018) Schäffer, Andreas; Filser, Juliane; Frische, Tobias; Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher LeopoldinaChemikalien können unbeabsichtigt oder absichtlich in die Umwelt gelangen. Pflanzenschutzmittel, für die nachfolgend das Synonym Pestizide verwendet wird, stellen dabei den quantitativ bedeutendsten Anteil willentlich ausgebrachter Schadstoffe. Chemische Pestizide werden zum Schutz von Nutzpflanzen und Pflanzenprodukten vor Schadorganismen und durch sie ausgelöste Krankheiten angewendet und enthalten einzelne oder mehrere chemische, i.d.R. synthetisch hergestellte Wirkstoffe. Pestizide bekämpfen als Schadorganismen Tiere, z.B. Insekten (Insektizide) oder Nagetiere (Rodentizide), schützen vor Krankheiten wie Pilzbefall (Fungizide) oder dienen auch vereinfachten Produktionsverfahren und entsprechender Kostensenkung durch Arbeitszeitreduktion. Herbizide, die zur Bekämpfung von Unkräutern eingesetzt werden, zählen ebenfalls zu den Pestiziden. Weitere Anwendungen dienen der Wachstumsregulation von Pflanzen und der Konservierung von Pflanzenerzeugnissen. Einträge von Pestiziden sind neben dem Klimawandel, massiven Veränderungen der globalen Nährstoffkreisläufe, der Zerstörung von Lebensräumen und weiteren Faktoren eine wesentliche Größe im Konzept der planetaren (Belastungs-)Grenzen, wonach das Überschreiten kritischer Grenzwerte zu tiefgreifenden Störungen im Erdsystem führt. Quelle: VerlagsinformationVeröffentlichung Veröffentlichung Environmental risk assessment of pesticide mixtures under regulation 1107/2009/EC: a regulatory review by the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA)(2014) Frische, Tobias; Matezki, Steffen; Wogram, JörnVeröffentlichung The silent spring - on the need for sustainable plant protection(2018) Schäffer, Andreas; Filser, Juliane; Frische, Tobias; Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher LeopoldinaChemikalien können unbeabsichtigt oder absichtlich in die Umwelt gelangen. Pflanzenschutzmittel, für die nachfolgend das Synonym Pestizide verwendet wird, stellen dabei den quantitativ bedeutendsten Anteil willentlich ausgebrachter Schadstoffe. Chemische Pestizide werden zum Schutz von Nutzpflanzen und Pflanzenprodukten vor Schadorganismen und durch sie ausgelöste Krankheiten angewendet und enthalten einzelne oder mehrere chemische, i.d.R. synthetisch hergestellte Wirkstoffe. Pestizide bekämpfen als Schadorganismen Tiere, z.B. Insekten (Insektizide) oder Nagetiere (Rodentizide), schützen vor Krankheiten wie Pilzbefall (Fungizide) oder dienen auch vereinfachten Produktionsverfahren und entsprechender Kostensenkung durch Arbeitszeitreduktion. Herbizide, die zur Bekämpfung von Unkräutern eingesetzt werden, zählen ebenfalls zu den Pestiziden. Weitere Anwendungen dienen der Wachstumsregulation von Pflanzen und der Konservierung von Pflanzenerzeugnissen. Einträge von Pestiziden sind neben dem Klimawandel, massiven Veränderungen der globalen Nährstoffkreisläufe, der Zerstörung von Lebensräumen und weiteren Faktoren eine wesentliche Größe im Konzept der planetaren (Belastungs-)Grenzen, wonach das Überschreiten kritischer Grenzwerte zu tiefgreifenden Störungen im Erdsystem führt. Quelle: VerlagsinformationVeröffentlichung Small, vulnerable and largely ignored in the past - UBA intiative for an envent-driven monitoring of pesticide residues in small surface waters in German agricultural landscapes(2019) Frische, Tobias; Hitzfeld, Kristina; Karaoglan, Bilgin; Müller, Alexandra; Pickl, ChristinaVeröffentlichung Better define beta-optimizing MDD (minimum detectable difference) when interpreting treatment-related effects of pesticides in semi-field and field studies(2020) Alalouni, Urwa; Duquesne, Sabine; Egerer, Sina Elisabeth; Frische, Tobias; Gergs, René; Gräff, Thomas; Sahm, René; Pieper, Silvia; Wogram, JörnThe minimum detectable difference (MDD) is a measure of the difference between the means of a treatment and the control that must exist to detect a statistically significant effect. It is a measure at a defined level of probability and a given variability of the data. It provides an indication for the robustness of statistically derived effect thresholds such as the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) when interpreting treatment-related effects on a population exposed to chemicals in semi-field studies (e.g., micro-/mesocosm studies) or field studies. MDD has been proposed in the guidance on tiered risk assessment for plant protection products in edge of field surface waters (EFSA Journal 11(7):3290, 2013), in order to better estimate the robustness of endpoints from such studies for taking regulatory decisions. However, the MDD calculation method as suggested in this framework does not clearly specify the power which is represented by the beta-value (i.e., the level of probability of type II error). This has implications for the interpretation of experimental results, i.e., the derivation of robust effect values and their use in risk assessment of PPPs. In this paper, different methods of MDD calculations are investigated, with an emphasis on their pre-defined levels of type II error-probability. Furthermore, a modification is suggested for an optimal use of the MDD, which ensures a high degree of certainty for decision-makers. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AGVeröffentlichung 5-Point programme for sustainable plant protection(2018) Egerer, Sina Elisabeth; Frische, Tobias; Matezki, Steffen; Pickl, Christina; Wogram, JörnThis position paper intends to stimulate a profound rethinking of contemporary agricultural practice. We criticise the current intensity of chemical plant protection in Germany as ecologically unsustainable and thus threatening the achievement of key targets of environmental protection and nature conservation policies. In the first part of the paper, we provide background information on the use of plant protection products (PPP) in German agriculture, the role of agricultural policy, European pesticide legislation, the principles of and framework for environmental risk assessment and risk management of PPP, as well as environmental effects of PPP. The second part is presented against the backdrop of the European "Sustainable Use Directive" (2009/128/EC). This directive requires that "Member States shall adopt National Action Plans to set up their quantitative objectives, targets, measures, and timetables to reduce risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and the environment and to encourage the development and introduction of integrated pest management and of alternative approaches or techniques to reduce dependency on the use of pesticides." Reflecting on the corresponding debate in Germany, we suggest the following five key principles for a sustainable use of PPP and provide recommendations for their implementation: (1) minimising use; (2) identifying, quantifying, and communicating risks; (3) optimising risk management; (4) compensating for unavoidable effects; (5) internalising external costs. © 2018, The Author(s).Veröffentlichung Effects of a realistic pesticide spraying sequence for apple crop on stream communities in mesocosms: negligible or notable?(2023) Duquesne, Sabine; Feibicke, Michael; Frische, Tobias; Gergs, René; Meinecke, Stefan; Sahm, René; Mohr, SilviaBackground Several large-scale studies revealed impacts and risks for aquatic communities of small rural lakes and streams due to pesticides in agricultural landscapes. It appears that pesticide risk assessment based on single products does not offer sufficient protection for non-target organisms, which are exposed repeatedly to pesticide mixtures in the environment. Therefore, a comprehensive stream mesocosm study was conducted in order to investigate the potential effects of a realistic spraying sequence for conventional orchard farmed apples on a stream community using pesticides at their regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs). Eight 74-m-long stream mesocosms were established with water, sand, sediment, macrophytes, plankton and benthic macroinvertebrates. In total, nine fungicidal, four herbicidal and four insecticidal pesticides were applied in four of the eight stream mesocosms on 19 spraying event days in the period from April to July while the remaining four stream mesocosms served as controls. The community composition, the abundance of benthos, periphyton and macrophytes, the emergence of insects, physico-chemical water parameters, and drift measurements of aquatic invertebrates were measured. Results The pesticide spraying sequence induced significant effects on invertebrates, periphyton, and macrophytes as well as on the water ion composition especially in the second half of the experiment. It was not possible to relate the observed effects on the community to specific pesticides applied at certain time points and their associated toxic pressure using the toxic unit approach. The most striking result was the statistically significant increase in variation of population response parameters of some taxa in the treated mesocosms compared to the controls. This inter-individual variation can be seen as a general disturbance measure for the ecosystem. Conclusions The pesticide spraying sequence simulated by using RAC values had notable effects on the aquatic stream community in the conducted mesocosm study. The results indicate that the current risk assessment for pesticides may not ensure a sufficient level of protection to the field communities facing multiple pesticide entries due to spraying sequences and other combined stress. Hence, there is still room for improvement regarding the prospective risk assessment of pesticides to further reduce negative effects on the environment. © The Author(s) 2023