Person:
Plaß, Dietrich

Profilbild

ORCID

Nachname

Plaß

Vorname

Dietrich

Affiliation

Deutschland, Umweltbundesamt, Fachgebiet II.1.6 - Expositionsschätzung, gesundheitsbezogene Indikatoren

Forschungsvorhaben

Organisationseinheiten

Logo der Organisationseinheit
Organisationseinheit

Filter

2015 - 2019392020 - 202331

Einstellungen

Suchergebnisse

Gerade angezeigt 1 - 10 von 70
  • Vorschaubild
    Veröffentlichung
    Ultrafeine Partikel in der Umgebungsluft - aktueller Wissensstand
    (2018) Becker, Kerstin; Birmili, Wolfram; Plaß, Dietrich; Süring, Katrin; Tobollik, Myriam
    Ultrafeine Partikel (UFP) sind in den letzten Jahren zu einem häufig diskutierten Thema in der Luftreinhaltung geworden. Auch das Umweltbundesamt (UBA) erreichen aus Politik, Fachkreisen und der allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit zunehmend Fragen bezüglich der Bedeutung von UFP für Umwelt und Gesundheit. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand des Wissens. Ausgehend von der Definition der UFP werden die Möglichkeiten ihrer Messung sowie die bislang nur eingeschränkt aussagekräftigen Erkenntnisse bezüglich ihrer gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen erläutert.
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
    Umweltbedingte Krankheitslasten in Deutschland
    (2018) Steckling, Nadine; Myck, Thomas; Mertes, Hanna; Plaß, Dietrich; Ziese, Thomas; Tobollik, Myriam; Wintermeyer, Dirk; Hornberg, Claudia
  • Vorschaubild
    Veröffentlichung
    Daten und Fakten zu Braun- und Steinkohlen
    (Umweltbundesamt, 2021) Baumgarten, Corinna; Beckers, Rolf; Bretschneider, Wolfgang; Briem, Sebastian; Frauenstein, Jörg; Gibis, Claudia; Gniffke, Patrick; Herbstritt, Caren; Grimm, Sabine; Juhrich, Kristina; Kahrl, Andreas; Kosmol, Jan; Kuhs, Gunter; Langner, Marcel; Lewandrowski, Dmitri; Lünenbürger, Benjamin; Mohaupt, Volker; Pfeiffer, David; Plaß, Dietrich; Plickert, Sebastian; Rechenberg, Jörg; Reißmann, Daniel; Sandau, Fabian; Straff, Wolfgang; Timme, Stephan; Weiß, Jan; Wintermeyer, Dirk
    Um die weitere Ausgestaltung des Kohleausstiegs besteht weiterhin ein hoher Diskussion- und Entscheidungsbedarf. Um diesen gesellschaftlichen Diskussionsprozess zu begleiten, setzt das Umweltbundesamt mit diesem aktualisierten Hintergrundpapier seine Veröffentlichungsreihe "Daten und Fakten zu Braun- und Steinkohlen" fort. Die Publikation beleuchtet die aktuelle und perspektivische Rolle der Kohlen als Energieträger aus energiewirtschaftlicher, umweltpolitischer und ökonomischer Sicht (wie steigende Preise für CO2-Emissionszertifikate). Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
    Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950 - 2017
    (2018) Dicker, Daniel J.; Nguyen, Grant; Abate, Degu; Plaß, Dietrich
    Background: Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods: The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. Findings: Globally, 187% (95% uncertainty interval 184â€Ì190) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 588% (582â€Ì593) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 481 years (465â€Ì496) to 705 years (701â€Ì708) for men and from 529 years (517â€Ì540) to 756 years (753â€Ì759) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 491 years (465â€Ì517) for men in the Central African Republic to 876 years (869â€Ì881) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 2160 deaths (1963â€Ì2381) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 389 deaths (356â€Ì4283) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 54 million (52â€Ì56) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. Interpretation: This analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
    In reply
    (2015) Plaß, Dietrich
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
    COVID-19-Krankheitslast in Deutschland im Jahr 2020
    (2021) Rommel, Alexander; Lippe, Elena von der; Plaß, Dietrich
    Hintergrund: Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie hat im Jahr 2020 das Gesundheitswesen vor große Herausforderungen gestellt. Die COVID-19-Krankheitslast lässt sich durch den Verlust an Lebensjahren durch Krankheit oder Tod ausdrücken. Dabei gehen beispielsweise durch Versterben im Alter von 40 Jahren deutlich mehr Lebensjahre verloren als bei Tod mit 80 Jahren. Methode: Auf Basis laborbestätigter SARS-CoV-2-Meldefälle im Jahr 2020 (Datenstand 18. Januar 2021) werden durch Tod verlorene Lebensjahre ("years of life lost", YLL) und durch gesundheitliche Einschränkungen verlorene Lebensjahre ("years lived with disability", YLD) zur Krankheitslast insgesamt ("disability-adjusted life years", DALY) aufsummiert. Die Methodik ist angelehnt an die â€ÌGlobal Burden of Diseaseâ€Ì-Studie. Bestehende Vorerkrankungen werden bei der Berechnung der YLL nicht berücksichtigt. Die angelegte Restlebenserwartung berücksichtigt aber ein mittleres altersspezifisches Niveau an Morbidität. Ergebnisse: Im Jahr 2020 gingen in Deutschland 305 641 Lebensjahre durch COVID-19 verloren. Bei Männern entfielen 34,8 % der DALY auf Personen unter 70 Jahre, bei Frauen 21,0 %. 99,3 % dieser Krankheitslast machten verlorene Lebensjahre durch Versterben aus (YLL). Die durch COVID-19 im Tagesmittel entstandene Krankheitslast durch Versterben lag unter der für wichtige nichtübertragbare Erkrankungen. Eine verstorbene Person verlor im Mittel etwa 9,6 Lebensjahre, Personen unter 70 Jahre verloren 25,2 Lebensjahre. Männer hatten durch Tod einen größeren Verlust an Lebenszeit als Frauen (11,0 versus 8,1 Jahre). Schlussfolgerung: Die Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf die Bevölkerungsgesundheit lassen sich mit den Indikatoren der Krankheitslast verdeutlichen. Die Methode liefert damit zusätzliche Erkenntnisse, die für künftige Ausbrüche frühzeitig genutzt werden sollten. Quelle: www.aerzteblatt.de
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
    Population vulnerability to COVID-19 in Europe: a burden of disease analysis
    (2020) Wyper, Grant M.A.; Assunção, Ricardo; Cuschieri, Sarah; Plaß, Dietrich
    Background Evidence has emerged showing that elderly people and those with pre-existing chronic health conditions may be at higher risk of developing severe health consequences from COVID-19. In Europe, this is of particular relevance with ageing populations living with non-communicable diseases, multi-morbidity and frailty. Published estimates of Years Lived with Disability (YLD) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study help to characterise the extent of these effects. Our aim was to identify the countries across Europe that have populations at highest risk from COVID-19 by using estimates of population age structure and YLD for health conditions linked to severe illness from COVID-19. Methods Population and YLD estimates from GBD 2017 were extracted for 45 countries in Europe. YLD was restricted to a list of specific health conditions associated with being at risk of developing severe consequences from COVID-19 based on guidance from the United Kingdom Government. This guidance also identified individuals aged 70 years and above as being at higher risk of developing severe health consequences. Study outcomes were defined as: (i) proportion of population aged 70 years and above; and (ii) rate of YLD for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions across all ages. Bivariate groupings were established for each outcome and combined to establish overall population-level vulnerability. Results Countries with the highest proportions of elderly residents were Italy, Greece, Germany, Portugal and Finland. When assessments of population-level YLD rates for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions were made, the highest rates were observed for Bulgaria, Czechia, Croatia, Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A bivariate analysis indicated that the countries at high-risk across both measures of vulnerability were: Bulgaria; Portugal; Latvia; Lithuania; Greece; Germany; Estonia; and Sweden. Conclusion Routine estimates of population structures and non-fatal burden of disease measures can be usefully combined to create composite indicators of vulnerability for rapid assessments, in this case to severe health consequences from COVID-19. Countries with available results for sub-national regions within their country, or national burden of disease studies that also use sub-national levels for burden quantifications, should consider using non-fatal burden of disease estimates to estimate geographical vulnerability to COVID-19. © 2020 BioMed Central Ltd.
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
  • Vorschaubild
    Veröffentlichung
    Stickstoffdioxid aus dem Verkehr - ein Gesundheitsrisiko
    (2016) Kallweit, Dagmar; Plaß, Dietrich; Tobollik, Myriam; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
    Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollution: assessing the environmental burden of disease in Europe in 2021
    (ETC-HE, 2023) Soares, Joana; Kienzler, Sarah; Plaß, Dietrich
    This report presents the results of the environmental burden of disease (EBD) assessment related to air pollution in 2021 for the 27 Member States of the European Union and an additional 14 European countries (Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iceland, Kosovo under UNSCR 1244/99, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Norway, San Marino, Serbia, Switzerland, and Türkiye). The estimations differentiate the EBD by three individual pollutants, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), considering all-cause mortality as well as cause-specific mortality and morbidity. For the analyses, various burden of disease indicators were used, such as attributable deaths (AD), years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and attributable hospitalisation cases. In 2021, long-term exposure to concentration levels above the WHO Air Quality Guideline levels of PM2.5 and NO2, resulted in 293 000 and 69 000 AD from all natural causes, respectively. There were 27 000 AD related to short-term exposure to O3. For EU27, the number of AD is 253 000, 52 000 and 22 000, respectively. When considering both the number of deaths and the age at which it occurs, the YLL (YLL per 100 000 inhabitants) is 2 936 000 (618) for long-term exposure to PM2.5 and 740 000 (132) to NO2, and 299 000 (54) due to short-term exposure to O3. For EU27, YLL (YLL per 100 000 inhabitants) are 2 584 000 (584), 532 000 (120), 234 000 (53), respectively. When comparing long-term exposure, both all-cause and cause-specific analyses point to PM2.5 as the pollutant with the highest burden. The cause-specific analyses resulted in 2 528 363 DALY in all countries or 2 310 387 DALY in the EU27. The burden attributable to NO2 was considerably lower, with 634 721 DALY and 403 788 DALY in all countries and in the EU27, respectively. Looking at the single disease entities, ischemic heart disease contributed the most to the overall burden of PM2.5, with 759 303 DALY in all countries and 704 525 DALY in the EU27. The lowest burden was related to Asthma (children), with 25 932 and 23 969 DALY in all countries and the EU27, respectively. For NO2, the highest disease burden was associated with diabetes mellitus (314 574 DALY; EU27: 197 031 DALY) and the lowest with asthma (adults) (all countries: 115 425 DALY; EU27: 62 460 DALY). No corresponding indicators were calculated for O3, yet short-term exposure to O3 was associated with 15 986 attributable hospital admissions in the selected European countries. When comparing the results, it is important to note that different age groups (i.e. children, adults, and elderly) were considered in the estimates, according to the relevant concentration-response functions. © European Topic Centre on Human Health and the Environment, 2023