Person: Bannick, Claus Gerhard
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Claus Gerhard
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Veröffentlichung Kunststoffe und Mikrokunststoffe in der Umwelt(2019) Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Braun, UlrikeVeröffentlichung Analysis of polyethylene microplastics in environmental samples, using a thermal decomposition method(2015) Dümichen, Erik; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Barthel, Anne-Kathrin; Braun, Ulrike; Brand, Kathrin; Jekel, Martin; Senz, RainerSmall polymer particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm called microplastics find their way into the environment from polymer debris and industrial production. Therefore a method is needed to identify and quantify microplastics in various environmental samples to generate reliable concentration values. Such concentration values, i.e. quantitative results, are necessary for an assessment of microplastic in environmental media. This was achieved by thermal extraction in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), connected to a solid-phase adsorber. These adsorbers were subsequently analysed by thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TDS-GC-MS). In comparison to other chromatographic methods, like pyrolyse gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), the relatively high sample masses in TGA (about 200 times higher than used in Py-GC-MS) analysed here enable the measurement of complex matrices that are not homogenous on a small scale. Through the characteristic decomposition products known for every kind of polymer it is possible to identify and even to quantify polymer particles in various matrices. Polyethylene (PE), one of the most important representatives for microplastics, was chosen as an example for identification and quantification.Quelle: http://www.sciencedirect.comVeröffentlichung Bioabfallkomposte und -gärreste in der Landwirtschaft(2017) Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Claussen, Ulrich; Ehlers, Knut; Hermann, Tim; Weiss, Volker; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtIn mehr als 1.000 Kompostierungs- und Vergärungsanlagen werden in Deutschland getrennt gesammelte Bioabfälle behandelt, um die entstehenden Erzeugnisse (Komposte und Gärreste) anschließend als ŞDünger und Humuslieferant verwerten zu können. Der größte Anteil sind getrennt gesammelte ŞKüchen- und Gartenabfälle aus privaten Haushalten, aber auch aus der Park- und Landschaftspflege der Städte und Gemeinden. Ebenso gehören zu den Bioabfällen tierische und pflanzliche Abfälle aus der Lebensmittel erzeugenden und verarbeitenden Industrie sowie gewerbliche Bioabfälle wie abgelaufene Lebensmittel aus dem Handel und Speiseabfälle aus Restaurants und Kantinen. Quelle: VerlagsinformationVeröffentlichung Fast identification of microplastics in complex environmental samples by a thermal degradation method(2017) Dümichen, Erik; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Eisentraut, Paul; Barthel, Anne-KathrinIn order to determine the relevance of microplastic particles in various environmental media, comprehensive investigations are needed. However, no analytical method exists for fast identification and quantification. At present, optical spectroscopy methods like IR and RAMAN imaging are used. Due to their time consuming procedures and uncertain extrapolation, reliable monitoring is difficult. For analyzing polymers Py-GC-MS is a standard method. However, due to a limited sample amount of about 0.5 mg it is not suited for analysis of complex sample mixtures like environmental samples. Therefore, we developed a new thermoanalytical method as a first step for identifying microplastics in environmental samples. A sample amount of about 20 mg, which assures the homogeneity of the sample, is subjected to complete thermal decomposition. The specific degradation products of the respective polymer are adsorbed on a solid-phase adsorber and subsequently analyzed by thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry. For certain identification, the specific degradation products for the respective polymer were selected first. Afterwards real environmental samples from the aquatic (three different rivers) and the terrestrial (bio gas plant) systems were screened for microplastics. Mainly polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were identified for the samples from the bio gas plant and PE and PS from the rivers. However, this was only the first step and quantification measurements will follow. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd.Veröffentlichung Identification and Quantification of Microplastic in Sewage Systems by TED-GC-MS(2019) Altmann, Korinna; Goedecke, Caroline; Bannick, Claus GerhardThe number of publications reporting the amount of microplastic (MP) all over the world increased rapidly. Methods used so far are very time consuming and not able to provide information on total contents. As harmonised sampling, sample preparation and analysis strategies are missing different studies can hardly be compared and quantitative data, including identification and mass contents of the polymers found, are missing. This leads to a lack of comprehensive understanding of MP occurrence, source and entry pathways into the environment. We developed a method, Thermal Extraction/Desorption-Gaschromatography-Massspectrometry, as a fast screening method for MP analysis. Solid residues of water samples are heated up to 600 C under a N2 atmosphere without any sample preparation. The collected decomposition gases are separated in a gas chromatography system and detected in a mass spectrometer. Mass contents of the identified polymers can be calculated. In this presentation we will show first results from the influent of the wastewater treatment plant Kaiserslautern (Germany) and its combined sewage system as possibly entry pathway. In order to determine the relevance of wastewater split streams analysis of grey water will be conducted. Samples are fractionally filtered by a sieve cascade with mesh sizes of 500, 100, 50 Ìm. Quelle: https://opus4.kobv.de/Veröffentlichung Harmonisierung von Untersuchungsverfahren für (Mikro-)Plastik in der Umwelt(2019) Braun, Ulrike; Bannick, Claus GerhardVeröffentlichung Development and testing of a fractionated filtration for sampling of microplastics in water(2019) Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, Mathias; Schniegler, Sara; Szewzyk, Regine; Barthel, Anne-KathrinA harmonization of sampling, sample preparation and detection is pivotal in order to obtain comparable data on microplastics (MP) in the environment. This paper develops and proposes a suitable sampling concept for waterbodies that considers different plastic specific properties and influencing factors in the environment. Both artificial water including defined MP fractions and the discharge of a wastewater treatment plant were used to verify the derived sampling procedure, sample preparation and the subsequent analysis of MP using thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS). A major finding of this paper is that an application of various particle size classes greatly improves the practical handling of the sampling equipment. Size classes also enable the TED-GC-MS to provide any data on the MP size distribution, a substantial sampling property affecting both the necessary sampling volume and the optimal sampling depth. In the artificial body of water with defined MP fractions, the recovery rates ranged from 80-110%, depending on the different MP types and MP size classes. In the wastewater discharge, we found both polyethylene and polystyrene in different size classes and quantities. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Veröffentlichung Klimaschutz und Abwasserbehandlung(2018) Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Obermaier, Nathan; Purr, Katja; Werlein, Max; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt. Fachgebiet III.2.6 - Abwassertechnikforschung, Abwasserentsorgung