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Veröffentlichung Progress in Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring and Modelling(2014)The chapter reviews progress in monitoring and modelling of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition at regional and global scales. The Working Group expressed confidence in the inorganic N wet deposition estimates in U.S., eastern Canada, Europe and parts of East Asia. But, long-term wet or dry N deposition information in large parts of Asia, South America, parts of Africa, Australia/Oceania, and oceans and coastal areas is lacking. Presently, robust estimates are only available for inorganic N as existing monitoring generally does not measure the complete suite of N species, impeding the closing of the atmospheric N budget. The most important species not routinely measured are nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), organic N and nitric acid (HNO3). Uncertainty is much higher in dry deposition than in wet deposition estimates. Inferential modelling (combining air concentrations with exchange rates) and direct flux measurements are good tools to estimate dry deposition; however, they are not widely applied. There is a lack of appropriate parameterizations for different land uses and compounds for input into inferential models. There is also a lack of direct dry deposition flux measurements to test inferential models and atmospheric model estimates. Quelle: http://link.springer.comVeröffentlichung Top-down estimates of European CH4 and N2O emissions based on four different inverse models(2015)European CH4and N2O emissions are estimated for 2006 and 2007 using four inverse modelling systems, based on different global and regional Eulerian and Lagrangian transport models. This ensemble approach is designed to provide more realistic estimates of the overall uncertainties in the derived emissions, which is particularly important for verifying bottom-up emission inventories. We use continuous observations from 10 European stations (including 5 tall towers) for CH4and 9 continuous stations for N2O, complemented by additional European and global discrete air sampling sites. The available observations mainly constrain CH4and N2O emissions from north-western and eastern Europe. The inversions are strongly driven by the observations and the derived total emissions of larger countries show little dependence on the emission inventories used a priori. Three inverse models yield 26-56% higher total CH4emissions from north-western and eastern Europe compared to bottom-up emissions reported to the UNFCCC, while one model is close to the UNFCCC values. In contrast, the inverse modelling estimates of European N2O emissions are in general close to the UNFCCC values, with the overall range from all models being much smaller than the UNFCCC uncertainty range for most countries. Our analysis suggests that the reported uncertainties for CH4 emissions might be underestimated, while those for N2O emissions are likely overestimated. Quelle: http://www.scopus.comVeröffentlichung Currently legislated decreases in nitrogen deposition will yield only limited plant species recovery in European forests(2018) Dirnböck, Thomas; Pröll, Gisela; Austnes, Kari; Scheuschner, Thomas; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtAtmospheric nitrogen (N) pollution is considered responsible for a substantial decline in plant species richness and for altered community structures in terrestrial habitats worldwide. Nitrogen affects habitats through direct toxicity, soil acidification, and in particular by favoring fast-growing species. Pressure from N pollution is decreasing in some areas. In Europe (EU28), overall emissions of NO x declined by more than 50% while NH3 declined by less than 30% between the years 1990 and 2015, and further decreases may be achieved. The timescale over which these improvements will affect ecosystems is uncertain. Here we use 23 European forest research sites with high quality long-term data on deposition, climate, soil recovery, and understory vegetation to assess benefits of currently legislated N deposition reductions in forest understory vegetation. A dynamic soil model coupled to a statistical plant species niche model was applied with site-based climate and deposition. We use indicators of N deposition and climate warming effects such as the change in the occurrence of oligophilic, acidophilic, and cold-tolerant plant species to compare the present with projections for 2030 and 2050. The decrease in N deposition under current legislation emission (CLE) reduction targets until 2030 is not expected to result in a release from eutrophication. Albeit the model predictions show considerable uncertainty when compared with observations, they indicate that oligophilic forest understory plant species will further decrease. This result is partially due to confounding processes related to climate effects and to major decreases in sulphur deposition and consequent recovery from soil acidification, but shows that decreases in N deposition under CLE will most likely be insufficient to allow recovery from eutrophication. Quelle: www.iopscience.iop.orgVeröffentlichung Landscapes, their exploration and utilisation(2019) Mueller, Lothar; Eulenstein, Frank; Mirschel, Wilfried; Glante, FrankA new geological epoch has begun - the Anthropocene. Huge anthropogenic transformations of terrestrial landscapes over the past five decades have forced its declaration. Exploring of interaction of humans with nature in general, and with landscapes in particular, can be characterised properly by the terms "landscape research" and "landscape science". Landscape science has been a traditional scientific discipline of geography. This is the case in Russia, whilst the terms geo-ecology and landscape ecology have become established in the English-speaking scientific community. As landscapes are multifunctional, highly complex systems, landscape research is a platform for disciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research. Landscape research in the Anthropocene must aim to combine landscape sustainability with high quality and productivity. This mission is in accord with the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations and the provisions of the Landscape Convention of the European Council. It includes halting landscape degradation, developing cultural landscapes and maintaining semi-natural landscapes. Clean water and air, fertile and healthy soils for food and other ecosystem services and a green and biodiverse environment are attributes of landscapes for the survival and well-being of humans in coexistence with nature. Landscape research must generate knowledge, innovations and responsible decision rules for achieving these aims. Big data gathering and scenario modelling are important for knowledge generation in a globalised world. International long-term experiments, observatories and monitoring systems will deliver data for comprehensive ecosystem models and decision support systems. Technical innovations must be imbedded in cultural solutions for the evolvement of landscapes. Springer International's new book series "Innovations in Landscape Research" aims to support better understanding, monitoring and managing landscapes. It contains a multitude of approaches and data. Some focus is on technical innovations for agri-environmental monitoring, on land and water management and its implications for landscape sustainability. Authors present novel tools for ecosystem modelling and forecasting of landscape processes, and on creating knowledge, rules and approaches for handling the multifunctionality of landscapes. The coming book series may serve as a knowledge, data and communication basis for informed decisions regarding the development of landscapes. It will enlarge our horizon and field of action by building bridges between scientific communities, scientific disciplines, and researchers and citizens. Quelle: https://link.springer.com/Veröffentlichung Deutschlandweite hochaufgelöste Modellierung von Sedimenttransfers in die Oberflächengewässer zur Ableitung partikelgebundener Phosphoreinträge(2021) Gebel, Micha; Allion, Katharina; Plambeck, Nils Ole; Ullrich, AntjeDie Einträge von partikelgebundenem Phosphor (P) belasten die Oberflächengewässer und behindern in zahlreichen Wasserkörpern die Einhaltung der gesetzlich festgelegten Qualitätsnormen. Um die Belastung der Gewässer wirksam zu verringern, werden fundierte Kenntnisse der aktuell relevanten Quellen und Eintragspfade benötigt. Der Transport von Feststoffen und somit auch von partikelgebundenem P in die Gewässer ist erosions- und somit ereignisgesteuert. Da eine prozessbasierte Abbildung von Ereignissen auf einer deutschlandweiten Skala nicht möglich ist, werden empirische bzw. stochastische Ansätze zur Simulation des Feststofftransports in Verbindung mit möglichst hoch aufgelösten Boden-, Klima-, Landnutzungs- und Neigungsdaten unter Einsatz des Modells MoRE genutzt. Der aktuelle Trend des Klimawandels wird durch Verwendung der aus flächendeckend vorliegenden radarbasierten Niederschlagsdaten abgeleiteten RFaktoren für die Periode 2001 - 2017 abgebildet. Eine Validierung der Ergebnisse für den Feststoffeintrag erfolgt in Testgebieten anhand eines Monitorings zur Ermittlung der im Gewässer transportierten Feststofffrachten. Alle Ergebnisse werden in einem interaktiven öffentlich zugänglichen Viewer zur Visualisierung, Analyse, Regionalsierung und zum Download abgelegt. Das System kann zur Entscheidungsunterstützung z. B. im Hinblick auf die Lokalisierung von Maßnahmen genutzt werden. Zugleich soll eine möglichst große Transparenz im Hinblick auf den Ergebnisvergleich mit anderen Modellen erreicht werden. Quelle: In: Korrespondenz Wasserwirtschaft : KW ; Organ der DWA ; Wasser, Boden, Natur. - 14 (2021), Heft 7. Seite 413Veröffentlichung Defining a Sustainable Development Target Space for 2030 and 2050(2021) Vuuren, Detlef P. van; Zimm, Caroline; Messner, Dirk; Busch, SebastianBy adopting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), countries worldwide agreed to an agenda for achieving a prosperous, socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable future for all1. This ambition, however, also exposes a critical knowledge gap since science-based insights on how to achieve the 17 SDGs simultaneously are lacking. Quantitative goal-seeking scenario studies could enable exploration of the systems' transformations required to achieve the SDGs, but this requires a clear definition of the "target space". The 169 targets and 232 indicators defined by the international community for monitoring SDG implementation cannot be directly used for this purpose. Here, we define a streamlined set of well defined, science-based indicators and associated target values that is quantifiable and actionable to make quantitative scenario analysis meaningful, relevant (i.e. reflecting societal goals), and yet simple enough to keep analysis transparent and communicable. The set of 36 targets is based on the UN 2030 Agenda, other existing multilateral agreements and insights from sustainability science and expert assessment, and it includes 2050 as an additional longer-term reference point. Thus, this target space provides a strategic focus to guide the scientific community in developing new global sustainable development pathways.Veröffentlichung Scientific guidance on soil phototransformation products in groundwater - consideration, parameterisation and simulation in the exposure assessment of plant protection products(2022) Schneider, Franziska; Janzen, Wolfgang; Jentzsch, Franziska; Egsmose, Mark; Pickl, Christina; Fait, Gabriella; Priegnitz, JanThis Guidance Document gives recommendations how to consider transformation products from soilphotolysis (â€Ìphototransformation productsâ€Ì) when modelling the predicted environmental concentrationsin groundwater. It describes possible parameterisations of the photolytic pathway (i.e. the photolytic half-life and the corresponding reference irradiation) in a tiered approach using the FOCUS-PELMO model.Following the recommendations of the EFSA guidance (2014), separate half-lives can be derived for thesurface processes (kfast) and the biodegradation in the soil matrix (kslow) fromfield dissipation studies byusing biphasic models. Fromfield dissipation studies evaluated with biphasic kinetics, the kfastvalue canbe considered representative for the photolytic degradation on soil surface for non-volatile substances.This value should be determined after a time-step normalisation according to irradiance data for thelocation and period of thefield trial, to a reference irradiance of 100 W mâ Ì2. In case irradiance values arenot available in the study, these values can be derived from databases such as AGRI4CAST or NASA,freely available in the Internet. Quelle: Artikel