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Veröffentlichung Emissionsmessungen von alveolengängigem kristallinen Siliziumdioxid (RCS) an Industrieanlagen(2021) Ehrlich, Christian; Noll, Günter; Lehmann, Christian; Wusterhausen, Ernst; Remus, RainerThe potential risk from human exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) includes a range of serious non-malignant effects as well as lung cancer, which may occur at relatively low levels. In a previous study, investigating several industrial sectors, we found the highest emission levels of RCS in the industrial silica sand operations. 28 different sand processing facilities were examined in two complex emission measurement programmes. A two-stage cascade impactor was used to separate the particle fractions: > 10 Ìm, 10-4 Ìm and < 4 Ìm of aerodynamic diameter. The size of particles of most concern is the so-called particulate matter 4 (PM4). The analytical procedure for determining RCS in emission samples consists of using X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy methods. The relationship between Total Particulate Matter (TPM), PM4 and RCS (as a percentage of PM4) was evaluated. In the case of increased Total Particulate Matter concentration in the stack gas (more than 20 mg/m3) combined with increased percentage of RCS in PM4 an exceedance of an Emission Limit Value (ELV) of 1 mg/m3 is more likely to occur. The evaluation of the emission data helped to formulate differentiated emission control requirements of the plants concerning the draft of the new German Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control (new German TA Luft). It was possible to demonstrate, under which conditions for the specific processing techniques used, emission limits for Total Particulate Matter can be used as a threshold value for the Respirable Crystalline Silica emission. If the mass fraction of quartz in the source rock to be processed is more than 20%, periodic measurements of Respirable Crystalline Silica will be necessary every three years on grinders, whereas they will be only necessary on dryers if the Total Dust concentration exceeds 5 mg/m3. © 2021, VDI Fachmedien GmBH & Co. KG. All rights reserved.Veröffentlichung Null-Schadstoff-Ziel für die Umwelt: Auswirkungen des European Green Deal auf die Luftreinhaltung(2021) Wichmann-Fiebig, MarionVeröffentlichung Regulations and measures for limiting emissions from non-road mobile machinery in Europe(2022) Jahn, HelgeNon-road mobile machinery (NRMM) are transportable machines and vehicles that are not intended for transporting people or goods by road. Compared to road transport, the number of machines in the NRMM sector in Germany is small. More than 1 million agricultural tractors, about 250,000-400,000 construction machines with more than 19 kW and a fleet of more than 4,000 inland waterway vessels (more than 18,000 across Europe) are responsible for a significant amount for high particulate and NOx emissions. Regulation (EU) No. 2016/1628 [1] comprehensively amended the exhaust emissions legislation for non-road mobile machinery. An extraordinarily wide range of machinery and equipment, including lawn mowers, chain saws, construction machinery, generators, inland waterway vessels and rail vehicles, falls under the regulation with the current exhaust stage V. In addition, the focus of the supplementary regulations (EU) 2017/655 [2] and (EU) 2018/989) [3] is the monitoring of emissions during actual operation of the machine (ISM-In Service Monitoring). The standards of Regulation (EU) No. 2016/1628 [1] are adopted almost completely by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) in UNECE Regulation 96 [15], with the exception of the provisions for engines of inland waterway vessels and for rail vehicles. In Germany, market surveillance of mobile machinery and equipment falls under the responsibility of the federal states with their competent market surveillance authorities. Market surveillance is carried out according to the national market surveillance strategy for the years 2022-2025 according to Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 [4]. There is a great need for harmonization among manufacturers for uniform rules for the retrofitting of diesel particulate filters, as there is a wide range of certification options for exhaust aftertreatment systems. In addition to air pollution control measures, noise protection is playing an increasingly important role, especially with regard to construction noise. For 57 different types of machinery and equipment, noise emission requirements for placing on the market are therefore specified in accordance with Directive 2000/14/EC ("Outdoor Directive") [5]. The Outdoor Directive contains regulations on the measurement, labeling and, where applicable, compliance with limits of noise emissions emitted into the environment by municipal vehicles, gardening and landscaping equipment and thus serves to curb immissions. According to Directive 2006/42/EC ("Machinery Directive") [6], in addition to the requirements for machine safety, a machine must also comply with the state of the art for noise reduction, especially at the source. © 2022, VDI Verlag GMBH. All rights reserved.Veröffentlichung Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf nicht-übertragbare Erkrankungen durch erhöhte Luftschadstoffbelastungen der Außenluft(2023) Breitner-Busch, Susanne; Mücke, Hans-Guido; Schneider, AlexandraHintergrund: Die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Luftschadstoffen reichen von kurzfristigen Gesundheitseinschränkungen über Krankenhauseinweisungen bis hin zu Todesfällen. Der Klimawandel führt zu einer Zunahme von Luftverschmutzung. Methode: Dieser Beitrag adressiert, auf der Basis ausgewählter Fachliteratur, den Zusammenhang zwischen Klimawandel und Luftschadstoffen, die gesundheitlichen Effekte von Luftschadstoffen sowie deren Modifikation durch die Lufttemperatur, mit einem Fokus auf Deutschland. Ergebnisse: Schlechte Luftqualität erhöht das Risiko für viele Erkrankungen. Durch den Klimawandel kommt es unter anderem zu einer Zunahme von Perioden extremer Hitze mit gleichzeitig erhöhten Konzentrationen von Luftschadstoffen. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Lufttemperaturen und Luftschadstoffen sowie ihre kombinierten Auswirkungen auf den Menschen sind noch nicht ausreichend erforscht. Zum Schutz der Gesundheit sind Grenz-, Ziel- und Richtwerte von besonderer Bedeutung. Schlussfolgerungen: Maßnahmen zur Minderung von Luftschadstoffen und klimawirksamen Gasen müssen verstärkt umgesetzt werden. Als ein wesentlicher Schritt zur Verbesserung der Luftqualität sollten in Europa strengere Grenzwerte zur Luftreinhaltung festgelegt werden. Notwendige Präventions- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen sollten in Deutschland zeitnah, auch in Hinblick auf klimaresiliente und nachhaltige Gesundheitssysteme, vorangetrieben werden. © Robert Koch Institut