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Veröffentlichung Wärmepumpen mit natürlichen Kältemitteln, Kurzfassung(2013) Martens, Kerstin; Müller, Markus; Paatzsch, 'RenéVeröffentlichung Detection and attribution of regional CO2 concentration anomalies using surface observations(2015)In this study, observed episodes of CO2 concentrations at eight Northern Hemisphere (NH) sites from 1993 to 2012 were analyzed. Five-day back trajectories were calculated for a potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis. A normalized weight factor related to the occurrence of the episodes was applied to derive more reasonable CO2 elevations and sequestrations. Weighted elevated (?CO2(W_E)) and sequestered (?CO2(W_S)) CO2 episodes had large spatial discrepancies due to the differentiation of strength and patterns of CO2 emissions/sinks in different regions. The most significant enhancement in CO2 episodes was observed at Asian sites: ?CO2(W_E) increased by approximately 56% at an annual rate of ~4% yr-1 from 1995 to 2010 at Waliguan (WLG) and by approximately 39% (~3% yr-1) from 1997 to 2012 at Yonagunijima (YON). According to the PSCF analysis, these increases are largely attributed to the rapid increase in emissions in China. However, ?CO2(W_S) was also enhanced by 34.4% with a growth rate of 2.3% yr-1 at WLG from 1995 to 2010 and ~26.2% (1.7% yr-1) at YON from 1997 to 2012. Both ?CO2(W_E) and ?CO2(W_S) showed decreasing or relatively flat trends at Monte Cimone and Schauinsland, indicating reductions in emissions and sinks in central Europe. The different intensities/trends in emissions and sinks observed at different sites in the NH show that estimating future CO2 levels is a complex problem. Atmospheric inverse and process-based ecosystem models should use more regional input data at high temporal and spatial resolutions for future carbon flux estimations.
Quelle: www.sciencedirect.comVeröffentlichung Data from the Arizona FACE (Free-Air CO2 Enrichment) Experiments on Wheat at Ample and Limiting Levels of Water and Nitrogen(2017) Kimball, Bruce Arnold; Pinter Jr., Paul J.; LaMorte, Robert L.; Wechsung, GabrieleFour free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments were conducted on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yecora Rojo) at Maricopa, Arizona, U.S.A. from December, 1992 through May, 1997. The first two were conducted at ample and limited (50% of ample) supplies of water, and second two at ample (350 kg N ha-1) and limited (70 and 15 kg N ha-1) supplies of fertilizer nitrogen. More than 50 scientists participated, and they collected a large and varied set of data on plant, soil, and microclimatic responses to the elevated CO2 and its interactions with the water and N treatments. The dataset has been popular with wheat growth modelers who have utilized the growth, yield, and other data to validate their models, which get used to predict likely future wheat productivity with projected global change. The dataset assembled herein contains many of these data, including management, soils, weather, physiology, phenology, biomass growth, leaf area, yield, quality, canopy temperatures, energy balance, soil moisture, nitrogen assimilation, and other data. Quelle: VerlagsinformationVeröffentlichung Pollenassoziierte allergische Erkrankungen in Zeiten des Klimawandels(2019) Höflich, ConnyAllergien, insbesondere pollenassoziierte Allergien der Atemwege, sind weltweit verbreitet und nehmen weiter zu. Den Klima-wandel verursachende beziehungsweise kennzeichnende Veränderungen, wie der Anstieg der atmosphärischen Kohlendioxidkonzentration und der Erdoberflächentemperatur, führen sehr wahrscheinlich zu einer Zunahme der Pollenbelastung und damit zu einer Zunahme allergischer Pollensensibilisierungen und pollenassoziierter allergischer Erkrankungen. Im Jahr 2014 wurde in dieser Zeitschrift ausführlicher über diese möglichen Zusammenhänge berichtet. Im Jahr 2017 hielt die Autorin auf dem Deutschen Allergiekongress am Beispiel der Pollen der Beifuß-Ambrosie einen Plenarvortrag zu diesem Thema. Der folgende Beitrag fasst die Inhalte des Vortrags zusammen. VerlagsinformationVeröffentlichung Comparison of continuous in-situ CO2 measurements with co-located column-averaged XCO 2 TCCON/satellite observations and CarbonTracker model over the Zugspitze region(2019) Yuan, Ye; Sussmann, Ralf; Ries, Ludwig; Rettinger, MarkusAtmospheric CO2 measurements are important in understanding the global carbon cycle and in studying local sources and sinks. Ground and satellite-based measurements provide information on different temporal and spatial scales. However, the compatibility of such measurements at single sites is still underexplored, and the applicability of consistent data processing routines remains a challenge. In this study, we present an inter-comparison among representative surface and column-averaged CO2 records derived from continuous in-situ measurements, ground-based Fourier transform infrared measurements, satellite measurements, and modeled results over the Mount Zugspitze region of Germany. The mean annual growth rates agree well with around 2.2 ppm yr-1 over a 17-year period (2002-2018), while the mean seasonal amplitudes show distinct differences (surface:11.7 ppm/column-averaged: 6.6 ppm) due to differing air masses. We were able to demonstrate that, by using consistent data processing routines with proper data retrieval and gap interpolation algorithms, the trend and seasonality can be well extracted from all measurement data sets. Quelle:https://www.mdpi.comVeröffentlichung On the use of Earth Observation to support estimates of national greenhouse gas emissions and sinks for the Global stocktake process: lessons learned from ESA-CCI RECCAP2(2022) Bastos, Ana; Ciais, Philippe; Sitch, Stephen; Günther, DirkThe Global Stocktake (GST), implemented by the Paris Agreement, requires rapid developments in the capabilities to quantify annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals consistently from the global to the national scale and improvements to national GHG inventories. In particular, new capabilities are needed for accurate attribution of sources and sinks and their trends to natural and anthropogenic processes. On the one hand, this is still a major challenge as national GHG inventories follow globally harmonized methodologies based on the guidelines established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, but these can be implemented differently for individual countries. Moreover, in many countries the capability to systematically produce detailed and annually updated GHG inventories is still lacking. On the other hand, spatially-explicit datasets quantifying sources and sinks of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Earth Observations (EO) are still limited by many sources of uncertainty. While national GHG inventories follow diverse methodologies depending on the availability of activity data in the different countries, the proposed comparison with EO-based estimates can help improve our understanding of the comparability of the estimates published by the different countries. Indeed, EO networks and satellite platforms have seen a massive expansion in the past decade, now covering a wide range of essential climate variables and offering high potential to improve the quantification of global and regional GHG budgets and advance process understanding. Yet, there is no EO data that quantifies greenhouse gas fluxes directly, rather there are observations of variables or proxies that can be transformed into fluxes using models. Here, we report results and lessons from the ESA-CCI RECCAP2 project, whose goal was to engage with National Inventory Agencies to improve understanding about the methods used by each community to estimate sources and sinks of GHGs and to evaluate the potential for satellite and in-situ EO to improve national GHG estimates. Based on this dialogue and recent studies, we discuss the potential of EO approaches to provide estimates of GHG budgets that can be compared with those of national GHG inventories. We outline a roadmap for implementation of an EO carbon-monitoring program that can contribute to the Paris Agreement. © 2023 BioMed Central