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Veröffentlichung Marine litter within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive(2013)There have been numerous anthropogenic-driven changes to our planet in the last half-century. One of the most evident changes is theubiquity and abundance of litter in the marine environment. The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) establishesa framework within which EU Member States shall take action to achieve or maintain good environmental status (GES) of theirmarine waters by 2020. GES is based on 11 qualitative descriptors as listed in Annex I of the MSFD. Descriptor 10 (D 10) concernsmarine litter. As a follow-up to the related Commission Decision on criteria and methodological standards (2010/477/EU) in which 56indicators for the achievement of GES are proposed, the EC Directorate-General for the Environment, on the request of the EuropeanMarine Directors, established a Technical Subgroup on Marine Litter (TSG ML) under the Working Group on GES. The role of TSG MLis to support Member States through providing scientific and technical background for the implementation of MSFD requirementswith regard to D 10. Started in 2011, TSG ML provides technical recommendations for the implementation of the MSFD requirementsfor marine litter. It summarizes the available information on monitoring approaches and considers how GES and environmental targetscould be defined with the aim of preventing further inputs of litter to, and reducing its total amount in, the marine environment. Italso identifies research needs, priorities and strategies in support of the implementation of D 10. The work of TSG ML also focuses onthe specification of monitoring methods through the development of monitoring protocols for litter in the different marine compartments,and for microplastics and litter in biota. Further consideration is being given to monitoring strategies in general and associatedcosts. Other priorities include the identification of sources of marine litter and a better understanding of the harm caused by marine litter.
Quelle: http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/Veröffentlichung Landscapes, their exploration and utilisation(2019) Mueller, Lothar; Eulenstein, Frank; Mirschel, Wilfried; Glante, FrankA new geological epoch has begun - the Anthropocene. Huge anthropogenic transformations of terrestrial landscapes over the past five decades have forced its declaration. Exploring of interaction of humans with nature in general, and with landscapes in particular, can be characterised properly by the terms "landscape research" and "landscape science". Landscape science has been a traditional scientific discipline of geography. This is the case in Russia, whilst the terms geo-ecology and landscape ecology have become established in the English-speaking scientific community. As landscapes are multifunctional, highly complex systems, landscape research is a platform for disciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research. Landscape research in the Anthropocene must aim to combine landscape sustainability with high quality and productivity. This mission is in accord with the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations and the provisions of the Landscape Convention of the European Council. It includes halting landscape degradation, developing cultural landscapes and maintaining semi-natural landscapes. Clean water and air, fertile and healthy soils for food and other ecosystem services and a green and biodiverse environment are attributes of landscapes for the survival and well-being of humans in coexistence with nature. Landscape research must generate knowledge, innovations and responsible decision rules for achieving these aims. Big data gathering and scenario modelling are important for knowledge generation in a globalised world. International long-term experiments, observatories and monitoring systems will deliver data for comprehensive ecosystem models and decision support systems. Technical innovations must be imbedded in cultural solutions for the evolvement of landscapes. Springer International's new book series "Innovations in Landscape Research" aims to support better understanding, monitoring and managing landscapes. It contains a multitude of approaches and data. Some focus is on technical innovations for agri-environmental monitoring, on land and water management and its implications for landscape sustainability. Authors present novel tools for ecosystem modelling and forecasting of landscape processes, and on creating knowledge, rules and approaches for handling the multifunctionality of landscapes. The coming book series may serve as a knowledge, data and communication basis for informed decisions regarding the development of landscapes. It will enlarge our horizon and field of action by building bridges between scientific communities, scientific disciplines, and researchers and citizens. Quelle: https://link.springer.com/