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Veröffentlichung Survey of mercury, cadmium and lead content of household batteries(2014) Recknagel, Sebastian; Radant, Hendrik; Kohlmeyer, ReginaThe objective of this work was to provide updated information on the development of the potentialimpact of heavy metal containing batteries on municipal waste and battery recycling processes followingtransposition of the new EU Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC. A representative sample of 146 differenttypes of commercially available dry and button cells as well as lithium-ion accumulators for mobilephones were analysed for their mercury (Hg)-, cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contents. The methods usedfor preparing the cells and analysing the heavy metals Hg, Cd, and Pb were either developed during a formerstudy or newly developed. Several batteries contained higher mass fractions of mercury or cadmiumthan the EU limits. Only half of the batteries with mercury and/or lead fractions above the markingthresholds were labelled. Alkaline-manganese mono-cells and Li-ion accumulators, on average, containedthe lowest heavy metal concentrations, while zinc-carbon batteries, on average, contained thehighest levels.Quelle: Waste Management 34 (2014) 156-161Veröffentlichung Transport of perfluoroalkyl acids in a water-saturated sediment(2014) Klitzke, Sondra; Möller, Axel; Vierke, LenaThe objective of this work was to provide updated information on the development of the potentialimpact of heavy metal containing batteries on municipal waste and battery recycling processes followingtransposition of the new EU Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC. A representative sample of 146 differenttypes of commercially available dry and button cells as well as lithium-ion accumulators for mobilephones were analysed for their mercury (Hg)-, cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contents. The methods usedfor preparing the cells and analysing the heavy metals Hg, Cd, and Pb were either developed during a formerstudy or newly developed. Several batteries contained higher mass fractions of mercury or cadmiumthan the EU limits. Only half of the batteries with mercury and/or lead fractions above the markingthresholds were labelled. Alkaline-manganese mono-cells and Li-ion accumulators, on average, containedthe lowest heavy metal concentrations, while zinc-carbon batteries, on average, contained thehighest levels.
Quelle: ©2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reservedVeröffentlichung Kunststoffe in der Umwelt(2015)Kunststoffe (besser: synthetische Polymere) sind wichtige Werkstoffe und heutzutage aus Haushalt und Wirtschaft - auch im Bereich Abwassertechnik - nicht mehr wegzudenken. Seit Anfang der 1970er-Jahre wird das Vorkommen von Kunststoffpartikeln in Küstengewässern beschrieben. Inzwischen ist Mikroplastik nicht nur im marinen Bereich, sondern auch in weiteren Umweltkompartimenten nachweisbar. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Überblick über das Vorkommen von Mikroplastik in der Umwelt und dessen Auswirkungen gegeben. Darüber hinaus werden die aktuellen Untersuchungsverfahren betrachtet und offene Fragen. Quelle: http://www.dwa.deVeröffentlichung Microplastic analysis using chemical extraction followed by LC-UV analysis: a straightforward approach to determine PET content in environmental samples(2020) Müller, Axel; Goedecke, Caroline; Eisentraut, Paul; Braun, UlrikeBackground The ubiquitous occurrence of microplastic particles in marine and aquatic ecosystems was intensively investigated in the past decade. However, we know less about the presence, fate, and input paths of microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems. A possible entry path for microplastic into terrestrial ecosystems is the agricultural application of sewage sludge and solid bio-waste as fertilizers. Microplastic contained in sewage sludge also includes polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which could originate as fiber from textile products or as a fragment from packaging products (foils, bottles, etc.). Information about microplastic content in such environmental samples is limited yet, as most of the used analytical methods are very time-consuming, regarding sample preparation and detection, require sophisticated analytical tools and eventually need high user knowledge. Results Here, we present a simple, specific tool for the analysis of PET microplastic particles based on alkaline extraction of PET from the environmental matrix and subsequent determination of the monomers, terephthalic acid, using liquid chromatography with UV detection (LC-UV). The applicability of the method is shown for different types of PET in several soil-related, terrestrial environmental samples, e.g., soil, sediment, compost, fermentation residues, but also sewage sludge, suspended particles from urban water management systems, and indoor dust. Recoveries for model samples are between 94.5 and 107.1%. Limit of determination and limit of quantification are absolute masses of 0.031 and 0.121 mg PET, respectively. In order to verify the measured mass contents of the environmental samples, a method comparison with thermal extraction-desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) was conducted. Both methods deliver similar results and corroborated each other. PET mass contents in environmental samples range from values below LOQ in agriculture soil up to 57,000 mg kg-1 in dust samples. Conclusions We demonstrate the potential of an integral method based on chemical extraction for the determination of PET mass contents in solid environmental samples. The method was successfully applied to various matrices and may serve as an analytical tool for further investigations of PET-based microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems. © The Author(s) 2020