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Veröffentlichung Mikrobiologische Überwachung der Trinkwasserqualität(2016) Feuerpfeil, Irmgard; Hummel, AnnetteVeröffentlichung Mikrobiologische Überwachung der Trinkwasserqualität(2016) Feuerpfeil, Irmgard; Hummel, AnnetteDrinking water is the most important food for humans. However, drinking water can also be the source of infections caused by waterborne pathogenic microorganisms. Occurrence of these microorganisms may not only cause single infections but also more or less great epidemics due to the volume of water consumed. For the protection of people's health the German government has provided the bacteriological investigation and surveillance of drinking water in public water distribution systems for more than 100 years to prevent infections. For this indicator organisms are used to detect and estimate the contamination level of drinking water.Veröffentlichung Mikrobiologische Überwachung der Trinkwasserqualität(2016) Feuerpfeil, Irmgard; Hummel, AnnetteDrinking water is the most important food for humans. However, drinking water can also be the source of infections caused by waterborne pathogenic microorganisms. Occurrence of these microorganisms may not only cause single infections but also more or less great epidemics due to the volume of water consumed. For the protection of people's health the German government has provided the bacteriological investigation and surveillance of drinking water in public water distribution systems for more than 100 years to prevent infections. For this indicator organisms are used to detect and estimate the contamination level of drinking water.Veröffentlichung What is required to combine human biomonitoring and health surveys?(2022) Tolonen, Hanna; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Moore, Sonja; Lermen, DominikObtaining holistic information about health and health determinants at the population level should also include data on environmental risk factors of health. So far, only a few countries have combined, at the national level, health and human biomonitoring (HBM) surveys to collect extensive information on health, lifestyles, biological health determinants and environmental exposures. This paper will provide guidelines on how to combine health and HBM surveys and what is the added value of doing so. Health and HBM surveys utilize similar infrastructure and data collection methods including questionnaires, collection and analysis of biological samples, and objective health measurements. There are many overlapping or comparable steps in these two survey types. At the European level, detailed protocols for conducting a health examination survey or HBM study exists separately but there is no protocol for a combined survey available by now. Our recommendations for combined health and HBM surveys focus on a cross-sectional survey on general population aged 6-79 years. To avoid unnecessary participant burden, for the selection of included measurements basic principle would be to ensure that results of the measurements have a public health relevance and clear interpretation. Combining health and HBM surveys into one survey would produce an extensive database for research to support policy decisions in many fields such as public health and chemical regulations. Combined surveys are cost-effective as only one infrastructure is needed to collect information and recruit participants. © 2022 The Author(s).Veröffentlichung Investigating environmental matrices for use in avian influenza virus surveillance - surface water, sediments, and avian fecal samples(2023) Ahrens, Ann Kathrin; Selinka, Hans-Christoph; Wylezich, ClaudiaSurveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild water bird populations is important for early warning to protect poultry from incursions of high-pathogenicity (HP) AIV. Access to individual water birds is difficult and restricted and limits sampling depth. Here, we focused on environmental samples such as surface water, sediments, and environmentally deposited fresh avian feces as matrices for AIV detection. Enrichment of viral particles by ultrafiltration of 10-L surface water samples using Rexeed-25-A devices was validated using a bacteriophage Phi 6 internal control system, and AIV detection was attempted using real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation. While validation runs suggested an average enrichment of about 60-fold, lower values of 10 to 15 were observed for field water samples. In total 25/36 (60%) of water samples and 18/36 (50%) of corresponding sediment samples tested AIV positive. Samples were obtained from shallow water bodies in habitats with large numbers of waterfowl during an HPAIV epizootic. Although AIV RNA was detected in a substantial percentage of samples virus isolation failed. Virus loads in samples often were too low to allow further sub- and pathotyping. Similar results were obtained with environmentally deposited avian feces. Moreover, the spectrum of viruses detected by these active surveillance methods did not fully mirror an ongoing HPAIV epizootic among waterfowl as detected by passive surveillance, which, in terms of sensitivity, remains unsurpassed. © 2023 Ahrens et al.