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Veröffentlichung Verteilung von Pollen und Feinstaub in einem städtischen Ballungsraum am Beispiel der Großstadt Berlin(2013) Bergmann, Karl-Christian; Mücke, Hans-Guido; Simoleit, AnkeVeröffentlichung Bioreactor reduces atrazine and nitrate in tile drain waters(2016) Krause Camilo, BjörnThis study analyzes the potential of organic substrates to retain both nitrate (NO3-) and the herbicide agent atrazine (ATR) at short hydraulic residence times (HRT). The objective is to implement effective and efficient mitigation zones to improve the quality of tile drain waters. Taking the results of a pre-study at laboratory scale into account, the focus is now on retention of the two contaminants under more realistic conditions. In a one and a half year lasting technical scale experiment the performance of a flow through bioreactor (8.0 m long, 2.0 m wide, and 0.4 m high), filled with straw of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bark mulch of pine tree (Pinus sp.), was studied at HRT of 0.43 days. The bioreactor was run horizontally and its reaction zone was kept water-saturated throughout most time of the experiment. NO3- (~100 mg L-1) and ATR (~30 ìg L?1) were constantly and continuously dosed into flow. As result NO3? retention varied between 3 g-N m?3 d?1 (8%) at 9 ˚C and 30 g-N m?3 d?1 (82%) at 21 ˚C. ATR retention was observed in the range of 10 mg-ATR m-3 d-1 (15%) at 9 ˚C and 22 mg-ATR m-3 d-1 (48%) at 21 ˚C. ATR- and NO3- retention are positively correlated with temperature. NO3- retention benefits from the labile organic carbon in straw and ATR retention seems to base on high adsorption to bark mulch and formation of bound residues. In conclusion the combined use of straw and bark mulch in mitigation systems has the potential to facilitate effective parallel retention of NO3- and the group of less mobile herbicide agents like ATR, even under the pressure of high flow events as expected in the rainy season.Quelle: http://www.sciencedirect.comVeröffentlichung Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins(2018) Mantzouki, Evanthia; Fastner, Jutta; Lürling, MiquelInsight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains. Quelle: https://www.mdpi.comVeröffentlichung Pollenassoziierte allergische Erkrankungen in Zeiten des Klimawandels(2019) Höflich, ConnyAllergien, insbesondere pollenassoziierte Allergien der Atemwege, sind weltweit verbreitet und nehmen weiter zu. Den Klima-wandel verursachende beziehungsweise kennzeichnende Veränderungen, wie der Anstieg der atmosphärischen Kohlendioxidkonzentration und der Erdoberflächentemperatur, führen sehr wahrscheinlich zu einer Zunahme der Pollenbelastung und damit zu einer Zunahme allergischer Pollensensibilisierungen und pollenassoziierter allergischer Erkrankungen. Im Jahr 2014 wurde in dieser Zeitschrift ausführlicher über diese möglichen Zusammenhänge berichtet. Im Jahr 2017 hielt die Autorin auf dem Deutschen Allergiekongress am Beispiel der Pollen der Beifuß-Ambrosie einen Plenarvortrag zu diesem Thema. Der folgende Beitrag fasst die Inhalte des Vortrags zusammen. VerlagsinformationVeröffentlichung Research paper on abiotic factors and their influence on Ixodes ricinus activity-observations over a two-year period at several tick collection sites in Germany(2020) Gethmann, Jörn; Hoffmann, Bernd; Habedank, Birgit; Kasbohm, ElisaTick-borne diseases are a public health issue. To predict vector tick abundance and activity, it is necessary to understand the driving factors for these variables. In this study, the activity of Ixodes ricinus was investigated in forest and meadow habitats in Germany with a focus on abiotic factors. Ixodes ricinus adults, nymphs and larvae were caught by flagging over a period of 2 years. Microclimatic and weather conditions were recorded at the collection sites. Statistical models were applied to describe correlations between abiotic factors and tick activity in univariable and multivariable analyses. Tick activity was observed in a broad range of air temperature between 3 and 28 ˚C, and air humidity varied between 35 and 95%. In general, tick activity of nymphs and larvae was higher in forest habitats than that in meadows. With the exception of a single specimen of Dermacentor reticulatus, all ticks were Ixodes ricinus, most of them nymphs (63.2% in 2009 and 75.2% in 2010). For the latter, a negative binomial mixed-effects model fitted best to the observed parameters. The modelling results showed an activity optimum between 20 and 23 ˚C for air temperature and between 13 and 15 ˚C for ground temperature. In univariable analyses, the collection site, month, season, ground and air temperature were significant factors for the number of ticks caught and for all life stages. In the multivariable analysis, temperature, season and habitat turned out to be key drivers. Ixodes ricinus positive for RNA of tick-borne encephalitis virus was only found at a single sampling site. The results of this study can be used in risk assessments and to parameterise predictive models. © The Author(s) 2020Veröffentlichung Heat-related mortality in Germany from 1992 to 2021(2022) Winklmayr, Claudia; Muthers, Stefan; Niemann, Hildegard; Mücke, Hans-Guido; Heiden, Matthias an derBackground: 2018-2020 were unusually warm years in Germany, and the summer of 2018 was the second warmest summer since record-keeping began in 1881. Higher temperatures regularly lead to increased mortality, particularly among the elderly. Methods: We used weekly data on all-cause mortality and mean temperature from the period 1992-2021 and estimated the number of heat-related deaths in all of Germany, and in the northern, central, and southern regions of Germany, employing a generalized additive model (GAM). To characterize long-term trends, we compared the effect of heat on mortality over the decades. Results: Our estimate reveals that the unusually high summer temperatures in Germany between 2018 and 2020 led to a statistically significant number of deaths in all three years. There were approximately 8700 heat-related deaths in 2018, 6900 in 2019, and 3700 in 2020. There was no statistically significant heat-related increase in deaths in 2021. A comparison of the past three decades reveals a slight overall decline in the effect of high temperatures on mortality. Conclusion: Although evidence suggests that there has been some adaptation to heat over the years, the data from 2018-2020 in particular show that heat events remain a significant threat to human health in Germany. © Authors