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Veröffentlichung Burden of Outdoor Air Pollution in Kerala, India(2015)Ambient air pollution causes a considerable disease burden, particularly in South Asia. The objective of the study is to test the feasibility of applying the environmental burden of disease method at state level in India and to quantify a first set of disease burden estimates due to ambient air pollution in Kerala. Particulate Matter (PM) was used as an indicator for ambient air pollution. The disease burden was quantified in Years of Life Lost (YLL) for the population (30 + years) living in urban areas of Kerala. Scenario analyses were performed to account for uncertainties in the input parameters. 6108 (confidence interval (95% CI): 4150-7791) of 81,636 total natural deaths can be attributed to PM, resulting in 96,359 (95% CI: 65,479-122,917) YLLs due to premature mortality (base case scenario, average for 2008-2011). Depending on the underlying assumptions the results vary between 69,582 and 377,195 YLLs. Around half of the total burden is related to cardiovascular deaths. Scenario analyses show that a decrease of 10% in PM concentrations would save 15,904 (95% CI: 11,090-19,806) life years. The results can be used to raise awareness about air quality standards at a local level and to support decision-making processes aiming at cleaner and healthier environments.
Quelle: http://www.mdpi.com/Veröffentlichung PM10 contains particle-bound allergens: Dust analysis by Flow Cytometry(2016)Exposure to inhalable particulate matter (PM10, particle size =10ìm in diameter) can be associated with a number of adverse health effects such as airway inflammation and aggravation of asthma. Asthma can be triggered amongst others by birch pollen allergens like Bet v 1, but due to their size whole birch pollen cannot enter the lower respiratory tract. However, PM10 may act as carrier of adsorbed allergens and we speculated that Flow Cytometry, a method widely used to characterize suspended solids >0.5 ìm in diameter, can be used to quantify these allergen-loaded particles. We show here, that the major birch pollen antigen Bet v 1 is bound to PM10 particles and that PM10 samples from high pollen season contain significantly higher proportions of Bet v 1 positive PM10>0.5 ìm particles than PM10 samples from low pollen season. This difference may be of biological relevance as PM10 from high pollen season but not from low pollen season induced basophil activation in a pollen allergic proband. These findings indicate that ambient particles can transport adsorbed allergens into the lower respiratory airways where they could cause allergic sensitizations or trigger allergic reactions. Furthermore, Flow Cytometry adds to the list of tools for PM10 characterization.Quelle: http://www.sciencedirect.comVeröffentlichung Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10(2016) Bach, Sabine; Höflich, Conny; Straff, Wolfgang; Süring, KatrinVeröffentlichung Emissionsmessungen von alveolengängigem kristallinen Siliziumdioxid (RCS) an Industrieanlagen(2021) Ehrlich, Christian; Noll, Günter; Lehmann, Christian; Wusterhausen, Ernst; Remus, RainerThe potential risk from human exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) includes a range of serious non-malignant effects as well as lung cancer, which may occur at relatively low levels. In a previous study, investigating several industrial sectors, we found the highest emission levels of RCS in the industrial silica sand operations. 28 different sand processing facilities were examined in two complex emission measurement programmes. A two-stage cascade impactor was used to separate the particle fractions: > 10 Ìm, 10-4 Ìm and < 4 Ìm of aerodynamic diameter. The size of particles of most concern is the so-called particulate matter 4 (PM4). The analytical procedure for determining RCS in emission samples consists of using X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy methods. The relationship between Total Particulate Matter (TPM), PM4 and RCS (as a percentage of PM4) was evaluated. In the case of increased Total Particulate Matter concentration in the stack gas (more than 20 mg/m3) combined with increased percentage of RCS in PM4 an exceedance of an Emission Limit Value (ELV) of 1 mg/m3 is more likely to occur. The evaluation of the emission data helped to formulate differentiated emission control requirements of the plants concerning the draft of the new German Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control (new German TA Luft). It was possible to demonstrate, under which conditions for the specific processing techniques used, emission limits for Total Particulate Matter can be used as a threshold value for the Respirable Crystalline Silica emission. If the mass fraction of quartz in the source rock to be processed is more than 20%, periodic measurements of Respirable Crystalline Silica will be necessary every three years on grinders, whereas they will be only necessary on dryers if the Total Dust concentration exceeds 5 mg/m3. © 2021, VDI Fachmedien GmBH & Co. KG. All rights reserved.Veröffentlichung Burden of disease due to ambient particulate matter in Germany - explaining the differences in the available estimates(2022) Kienzler, Sarah; Plaß, Dietrich; Schuster, Christian; Tobollik, Myriam; Wintermeyer, DirkAmbient particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is an important threat to human health. The aim of this study is to estimate the environmental burden of disease (EBD) for the German population associated with PM2.5 exposure in Germany for the years 2010 until 2018. The EBD method was used to quantify relevant indicators, e.g., disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and the life table approach was used to estimate the reduction in life expectancy caused by long-term PM2.5 exposure. The impact of varying assumptions and input data was assessed. From 2010 to 2018 in Germany, the annual population-weighted PM2.5 concentration declined from 13.7 to 10.8 (micro)g/m3. The estimates of annual PM2.5-attributable DALYs for all disease outcomes showed a downward trend. In 2018, the highest EBD was estimated for ischemic heart disease (101.776; 95% uncertainty interval (UI) 62,713-145,644), followed by lung cancer (60,843; 95% UI 43,380-79,379). The estimates for Germany differ from those provided by other institutions. This is mainly related to considerable differences in the input data, the use of a specific German national life expectancy and the selected relative risks. A transparent description of input data, computational steps, and assumptions is essential to explain differing results of EBD studies to improve methodological credibility and trust in the results. Furthermore, the different calculated indicators should be explained and interpreted with caution. 2022 by the authors