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Veröffentlichung Soil organisms as an essential element of a monitoring plan to identify the effects of GMO cultivation(2013)After a release of genetically modified organisms, monitoring of potential adverse effects on the environmentis mandatory. The protocol used for monitoring should be previously tested in practical studies andmust be standardised. Moreover, sampling methods and the evaluation of results must meet current scientificand technical standards. Due to their particular role in maintaining soil quality and in a multitude ofecological processes in agro-ecosystems, soil organisms belong to those groups for which VDI guidelinesare being developed. The guideline 4331 Part 1 describes fundamental criteria for the selection and sampling of soil organisms for GMO monitoring and gives guidance for sampling design, sampling strategyand statistical evaluation. In the guideline three approaches are followed: (1) a compilation of previouslyknown effects and exposure pathways, (2) a documentation of ecological functions of soil organisms (ecosystemservices) as well as (3) a description of characteristic species compositions in the soil. The aim wasto develop a selection matrix that helps to choose the appropriate animal groups to be sampled. Besidesthe habitat type and the ecological relevance, the selection matrix also considers the suitability of animalgroups in terms of practical issues and, in specific cases, anticipated effects. Further parts of the guideline4331 will describe sampling methods for relevant soil animal groups.Quelle: BioRisk (2013)8, S. 73-87Veröffentlichung Development and testing of a fractionated filtration for sampling of microplastics in water(2019) Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, Mathias; Schniegler, Sara; Szewzyk, Regine; Barthel, Anne-KathrinA harmonization of sampling, sample preparation and detection is pivotal in order to obtain comparable data on microplastics (MP) in the environment. This paper develops and proposes a suitable sampling concept for waterbodies that considers different plastic specific properties and influencing factors in the environment. Both artificial water including defined MP fractions and the discharge of a wastewater treatment plant were used to verify the derived sampling procedure, sample preparation and the subsequent analysis of MP using thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS). A major finding of this paper is that an application of various particle size classes greatly improves the practical handling of the sampling equipment. Size classes also enable the TED-GC-MS to provide any data on the MP size distribution, a substantial sampling property affecting both the necessary sampling volume and the optimal sampling depth. In the artificial body of water with defined MP fractions, the recovery rates ranged from 80-110%, depending on the different MP types and MP size classes. In the wastewater discharge, we found both polyethylene and polystyrene in different size classes and quantities. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.