Listen
7 Ergebnisse
Filter
Einstellungen
Suchergebnisse
Veröffentlichung Stratospheric ozone in boreal fire plumes - the 2013 smoke season over central Europe(2015)In July 2013 very strong boreal fire plumes were observed at the northern rim of the Alps by lidar and ceilometer measurements of aerosol, ozone and water vapour for about 3 weeks. In addition, some of the lower-tropospheric components of these layers were analysed at the Global Atmosphere Watch laboratory at the Schneefernerhaus high-altitude research station (2650 m a.s.l., located a few hundred metres south-west of the Zugspitze summit). The high amount of particles confirms our hypothesis that fires in the Arctic regions of North America lead to much stronger signatures in the central European atmosphere than the multitude of fires in the USA. This has been ascribed to the prevailing anticyclonic advection pattern during favourable periods and subsidence, in contrast to warm-conveyor-belt export, rainout and dilution frequently found for lower latitudes. A high number of the pronounced aerosol structures were positively correlated with elevated ozone. Chemical ozone formation in boreal fire plumes is known to be rather limited. Indeed, these air masses could be attributed to stratospheric air intrusions descending from remote high-latitude regions, obviously picking up the aerosol on their way across Canada. In one case, subsidence from the stratosphere over Siberia over as many as 15-20 days without increase in humidity was observed although a significant amount of Canadian smoke was trapped. These coherent air streams lead to rather straight and rapid transport of the particles to Europe. © Author(s) 2015.Veröffentlichung The underestimated role of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport on tropospheric ozone(2018) Trickl, Thomas; Ries, Ludwig; Vogelmann, HannesThe atmospheric composition is strongly influenced by changing atmospheric dynamics, in potential relation to climate change. A prominent example is the doubling of the stratospheric ozone component at the summit station Zugspitze (2962 m a.s.l., Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany) between the mid-seventies and 2005, roughly from 11 ppb to 23 ppb (43 %). Systematic efforts for identifying and quantifying this influence have been made since the late 1990s. Meanwhile, routine lidar measurements of ozone and water vapour carried out since 2007, combined with in-situ and radiosonde data and trajectory calculations, have revealed the presence of stratospheric intrusion layers on 84 % of the yearly measurement days. The seasonal cycle for deep intrusions with a pronounced summer minimum seen at Alpine summit stations disappears if one looks at the entire free troposphere. The seasonal cycle previously obtained for the Zugspitze summit is rather well reproduced by the lidar data. The mid- and upper-tropospheric intrusion layers seem to be dominated by very long downward transport up to a full tour around the northern hemisphere in an altitude range starting at about 4.5 km a.s.l. Unless there is a strong perturbation, these layers remain considerably dry, typically with RHVeröffentlichung Occurrence and coupling of heat and ozone events and their relation to mortality rates in Berlin, Germany, between 2000 and 2014(2019) Fenner, Daniel; Holtmann, Achim; Krug, AlexanderEpisodes of hot weather and poor air quality pose significant consequences for public health. In this study, these episodes are addressed by applying the observational data of daily air temperature and ozone concentrations in an event-based risk assessment approach in order to detect individual heat and ozone events, as well as events of their co-occurrence in Berlin, Germany, in the years 2000 to 2014. Various threshold values are explored so as to identify these events and to search for the appropriate regressions between the threshold exceedances and mortality rates. The events are further analyzed in terms of their event-specific mortality rates and their temporal occurrences. The results reveal that at least 40% of all heat events during the study period are accompanied by increased ozone concentrations in Berlin, particularly the most intense and longest heat events. While ozone events alone are only weakly associated with increased mortality rates, elevated ozone concentrations during heat events are found to amplify mortality rates. We conclude that elevated air temperatures during heat events are one major driver for increased mortality rates in Berlin, but simultaneously occurring elevated ozone concentrations act as an additional stressor, leading to an increased risk for the regional population. Quelle: https://www.mdpi.comVeröffentlichung Very high stratospheric influence observed in the free troposphere over the Northern Alps - just a local phenomenon?(2020) Trickl, Thomas; Ries, Ludwig; Vogelmann, HannesThe atmospheric composition is strongly influenced by a change in atmospheric dynamics, which is potentially related to climate change. A prominent example is the doubling of the stratospheric ozone component at the summit station Zugspitze (2962 m a.s.l., Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany) between the mid-seventies 15 and 2005, roughly from 11 ppb to 23 ppb (43 %). Systematic efforts for identifying and quantifying this influence have been made since the late 1990s. Meanwhile, routine lidar measurements of ozone and water vapour carried out at Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German Alps) since 2007, combined with in-situ and radiosonde data and trajectory calculations, have revealed that stratospheric intrusion layers are present on 84 % of the yearly measurement days. At Alpine summit stations the frequency of intrusions exhibits a seasonal cycle with a 20 pronounced summer minimum that is reproduced by the lidar measurements. The summer minimum disappears if one looks at the free troposphere as a whole. The mid- and upper-tropospheric intrusion layers seem to be dominated by very long descent on up to hemispheric scale in an altitude range starting at about 4.5 km a.s.l. Without interfering air flows, these layers remain very dry, typically with RH =< 5 % at the centre of the intrusion. Pronounced ozone maxima observed above Garmisch-Partenkirchen have been mostly related to a 25 stratospheric origin rather than to long-range transport from remote boundary layers. Our findings and results for other latitudes seem to support the idea of a rather high contribution of ozone import from the stratosphere to tropospheric ozone. Copyright: Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 LicenseVeröffentlichung Improvement of the predictive quality of CAMS forecasts for ozone and PM10 in comparison with measured values(2019) Neunhäuserer, Lina; Diegmann, Volker; Breitenbach, Yvonne; Nordmann, StephanThe Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) provides, inter alia, daily forecasts for the next 96 hours in hourly resolution for various pollutants. These forecasts are based on the results of chemical transport models and their ensemble. Due to their horizontal grid resolution, the CAMS ensemble usually provides too low maximum ozone concentrations in comparison with measurements at background stations. This has a negative impact on the correct prediction of threshold value exceedances at very high ozone concentrations. The project presented here explored to what extent the predictive quality of CAMS ozone forecasts for Germany can be improved by post-processing with different correction techniques, particularly with regard to the detection of limit value exceedances. In addition, interpolation of the correction factors derived at measurement locations onto the CAMS grid and subsequent correction of the CAMS forecasts are discussed. A corresponding study was carried out for CAMS PM10 forecasts. © 2019 Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes, HARMO. All rights reserved.Veröffentlichung Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf nicht-übertragbare Erkrankungen durch erhöhte Luftschadstoffbelastungen der Außenluft(2023) Breitner-Busch, Susanne; Mücke, Hans-Guido; Schneider, AlexandraHintergrund: Die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Luftschadstoffen reichen von kurzfristigen Gesundheitseinschränkungen über Krankenhauseinweisungen bis hin zu Todesfällen. Der Klimawandel führt zu einer Zunahme von Luftverschmutzung. Methode: Dieser Beitrag adressiert, auf der Basis ausgewählter Fachliteratur, den Zusammenhang zwischen Klimawandel und Luftschadstoffen, die gesundheitlichen Effekte von Luftschadstoffen sowie deren Modifikation durch die Lufttemperatur, mit einem Fokus auf Deutschland. Ergebnisse: Schlechte Luftqualität erhöht das Risiko für viele Erkrankungen. Durch den Klimawandel kommt es unter anderem zu einer Zunahme von Perioden extremer Hitze mit gleichzeitig erhöhten Konzentrationen von Luftschadstoffen. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Lufttemperaturen und Luftschadstoffen sowie ihre kombinierten Auswirkungen auf den Menschen sind noch nicht ausreichend erforscht. Zum Schutz der Gesundheit sind Grenz-, Ziel- und Richtwerte von besonderer Bedeutung. Schlussfolgerungen: Maßnahmen zur Minderung von Luftschadstoffen und klimawirksamen Gasen müssen verstärkt umgesetzt werden. Als ein wesentlicher Schritt zur Verbesserung der Luftqualität sollten in Europa strengere Grenzwerte zur Luftreinhaltung festgelegt werden. Notwendige Präventions- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen sollten in Deutschland zeitnah, auch in Hinblick auf klimaresiliente und nachhaltige Gesundheitssysteme, vorangetrieben werden. © Robert Koch Institut