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Veröffentlichung Survey of mercury, cadmium and lead content of household batteries(2014) Recknagel, Sebastian; Radant, Hendrik; Kohlmeyer, ReginaThe objective of this work was to provide updated information on the development of the potentialimpact of heavy metal containing batteries on municipal waste and battery recycling processes followingtransposition of the new EU Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC. A representative sample of 146 differenttypes of commercially available dry and button cells as well as lithium-ion accumulators for mobilephones were analysed for their mercury (Hg)-, cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contents. The methods usedfor preparing the cells and analysing the heavy metals Hg, Cd, and Pb were either developed during a formerstudy or newly developed. Several batteries contained higher mass fractions of mercury or cadmiumthan the EU limits. Only half of the batteries with mercury and/or lead fractions above the markingthresholds were labelled. Alkaline-manganese mono-cells and Li-ion accumulators, on average, containedthe lowest heavy metal concentrations, while zinc-carbon batteries, on average, contained thehighest levels.Quelle: Waste Management 34 (2014) 156-161Veröffentlichung Transport of perfluoroalkyl acids in a water-saturated sediment(2014) Klitzke, Sondra; Möller, Axel; Vierke, LenaThe objective of this work was to provide updated information on the development of the potentialimpact of heavy metal containing batteries on municipal waste and battery recycling processes followingtransposition of the new EU Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC. A representative sample of 146 differenttypes of commercially available dry and button cells as well as lithium-ion accumulators for mobilephones were analysed for their mercury (Hg)-, cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contents. The methods usedfor preparing the cells and analysing the heavy metals Hg, Cd, and Pb were either developed during a formerstudy or newly developed. Several batteries contained higher mass fractions of mercury or cadmiumthan the EU limits. Only half of the batteries with mercury and/or lead fractions above the markingthresholds were labelled. Alkaline-manganese mono-cells and Li-ion accumulators, on average, containedthe lowest heavy metal concentrations, while zinc-carbon batteries, on average, contained thehighest levels.
Quelle: ©2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reservedVeröffentlichung Aus alten Rohren(2013)Leitungen aus Blei vergiften noch immer in tausenden Haushalten das Trinkwasser. Das Schwermetall schädigt vor allem Schwangere und Kleinkinder. Zum Schutz sinkt ab dem 1. Dezember der erlaubte Bleigehalt von 25 auf 10 Mikrogramm je Liter. Letzte Bleirohre müssen dann endgültig raus. Die Stiftung Warentest beantwortet die wichtigsten Fragen: Wie viele giftige Rohre gibt es noch? Wie erfahre ich, ob ich betroffen bin? Wer führt Wasseranalysen durch? Wer zahlt für die neue Leitung? Eine Grafik zeigt, wo in Deutschland das Risiko am größten ist.
© www.test.deVeröffentlichung Critical Loads of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury and Their Exceedances in Europe(2015)In this chapter information is summarized on the assessment of the risk of impacts of cadmium, lead and mercury emissions and related depositions of these metals, with an emphasis on natural areas in Europe. Depositions are compared to critical loads to identify areas in Europe where critical loads are exceeded. Critical loads of cadmium, lead and mercury were based on (i) computations by 18 Parties to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) and (ii) computations from available data on soil chemistry, meteorology and land cover for the other Parties. Two target years are considered, i.e. 2010 and 2020. Emissions for these years have been assessed in support of the negotiations for the review and possible revision of the Heavy metal protocol (Aarhus 1998). The relationship between emissions, depositions and critical load exceedances is analysed assuming the implementation of abatement techniques under Current LEgislation in 2010 (CLE2010) and in 2020 under Full Implementation of the Aarhus protocol (FI2020). Comparing the critical loads to atmospheric depositions in these years, shows that cadmium deposition is not a widespread risk in either years, that the computed risk of lead deposition affects about 22 and 16?% of natural European area in 2010 and 2020, respectively, and that mercury deposition is computed to affect an area of more than 74?% in both years.Quelle: http://link.springer.comVeröffentlichung Benefits of cooperation among large-scale cohort studies and human biomonitoring projects in environmental health research: An exercise in blood lead analysis of the Environment and Child Health International Birth Cohort Group(2019) Nakayama, Shoji F.; Conrad, André; Espina, Carolina; Kamijima, Michihiro; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Murawski, AlineA number of prospective cohort studies are ongoing worldwide to investigate the impact of foetal and neonatal exposures to chemical substances on child health. To assess multiple exposure (mixture) effects and low prevalence health outcomes it is useful to pool data from several studies and conduct mega-data-analysis. To discuss a path towards data harmonization, representatives from several large-scale birth cohort studies and a biomonitoring programme formed a collaborative group, the Environment and Child Health International Birth Cohort Group (ECHIBCG). In this study, an intra-laboratory trial was performed to harmonize existing blood lead measurements within the groups' studies. Then, decentralized analyses were conducted in individual countries' laboratories to evaluate blood lead levels (BLL) in each study. The measurements of pooled BLL samples in French, German and three Japanese laboratories resulted in an overall mean blood lead concentration of 8.66 ng¯1 (95% confidence interval: 8.59-8.72 ng¯1) with 3.0% relative standard deviation. Except for China's samples, BLL from each study were comparable with mean concentrations below or close to 10ng¯1. The decentralized multivariate analyses revealed that all models had coefficients of determination below 0.1. Determinants of BLL were current smoking, age >35 years and overweight or obese status. The three variables were associated with an increase in BLL in each of the five studies, most strongly in France by almost 80% and the weakest effect being in Norway with only 15%; for Japan, with the far largest sample (~18,000), the difference was 36%. This study successfully demonstrated that the laboratory analytical methods were sufficiently similar to allow direct comparison of data and showed that it is possible to harmonize the epidemiological data for joint analysis. This exercise showed the challenges in decentralized data analyses and reinforces the need for data harmonization among studies. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.Veröffentlichung Long-term time trend of lead exposure in young German adults - evaluation of more than 35 years of data of the German Environmental Specimen Bank(2021) Lermen, Dominik; Göen, Thomas; Weber, Till; Conrad, André; Rüther, Maria; Kolossa-Gehring, MarikeLead is a ubiquitous pollutant with well-known effects on human health. As there is no lower toxicological threshold for lead in blood and since data gaps on lead exposure still exist in many European countries, HBM data on lead is of high importance. To address this, the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative HBM4EU classified lead as a priority substance. The German Environmental Specimen Bank (German ESB) has monitored lead exposure since more than 35 years. Using data from the early 1980s to 2019 we reveal and discuss long-term trends in blood lead levels (BLLs) and current internal exposure of young adults in Germany. BLLs in young adults decreased substantially in the investigated period. As results from the ESB sampling site Muenster demonstrate, the geometric mean of BLLs of young adults decreased from 1981 (78,7 (my)g/L) to 2019 (10.4 (my)g/L) by about 87%. Trends in human exposure closely correlate with air lead levels (ALLs) provided by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). Hence, the decrease of BLLs largely reflects the drop in air lead pollution. Known associations of sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and housing situation with BLLs are confirmed with data of the German ESB. Although internal lead exposure in Germany decreased substantially, the situation might be different in other European countries. Since 2010, BLLs of young adults in Germany levelled out at approximately 10 (my)g/L. The toxicity of lead even at low levels is known to cause adverse health effects especially in children following exposure of the child or the mother during pregnancy. To identify current exposure sources and to minimize future lead exposure, continuous monitoring of lead intake and exposure levels is needed. © 2020 The AuthorsVeröffentlichung Biomonitoring of arsenic, cadmium and lead in two artisanal and small-scale gold mining areas in Zimbabwe(2022) Rakete, Stefan; Moonga, Given; Wahl, Anna-Maria; Tobollik, MyriamPeople living and working in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) areas are frequently exposed to elemental mercury (Hg), which is used for gold extraction. However, additional exposure to other toxic metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) may result from mining-related activities and could be ingested via dust, water or food. In these areas, only limited biomonitoring data is available for toxic metals other than Hg. In particular, data about the exposure to As, Cd and Pb is unavailable for the Zimbabwean population. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study in two ASGM areas in Zimbabwe to evaluate the internal exposure to these metals. In total, urine and blood samples from 207 people that identified themselves as miners were collected and analysed for As and Cd in urine as well as Pb in blood by GF-AAS. Median levels (interquartile ranges in (micro)g/l) of As and Pb were 9.7 (micro)g/l (4.0, 18.5) and 19.7 (micro)g/l (12.5, 34.5), respectively. The 25th percentile and the median for Cd were below the limit of detection (0.5 (micro)g/l); the 75th percentile was at 0.9 (micro)g/l. The results were compared to reference values found for the general population in the USA and Germany, and a significant number of participants exceeded these values (As, 33 %; Cd, 27 %; Pb, 32 %), indicating a relevant exposure to toxic metals. Although not representative for the Zimbabwean population, our results demonstrate that the exposure to toxic metals is relevant for the public health in Zimbabwe and requires further investigation. © 2021, The Author(s)Veröffentlichung The association between ADHD and environmental chemicals - a scoping review(2022) Moore, Sonja; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Paalanen, Laura; Melymuk, LisaThe role of environmental chemicals in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been of interest in recent research. This scoping review aims to summarize known or possible associations between ADHD and environmental exposures to substances selected as priority chemicals of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU). Literature searches were performed in PubMed to identify relevant publications. Only meta-analyses and review articles were included, as they provide more extensive evidence compared to individual studies. The collected evidence indicated that lead (Pb), phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are moderately to highly associated with ADHD. Limited evidence exists for an association between ADHD and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), flame retardants, mercury (Hg), and pesticides. The evidence of association between ADHD and cadmium (Cd) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) based on the identified reviews was low but justified further research. The methods of the individual studies included in the reviews and meta-analyses covered in the current paper varied considerably. Making precise conclusions in terms of the strength of evidence on association between certain chemicals and ADHD was not straightforward. More research is needed for stronger evidence of associations or the lack of an association between specific chemical exposures and ADHD. © 2022 by the authorsVeröffentlichung Assessment of the long-term exposure to lead in four european countries using PBPK modeling(2023) Sy, Moustapha; Eleftheriadou, Dimitra; Jung, Christian; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Weber, TillLead (Pb) is a naturally occurring heavy metal that received, in the last decades, much attention in the human health risk assessment community. In the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), Pb was identified as a priority substance as various scientific and policy questions were open and still to be answered. They included the further investigation of the internal exposure to Pb, the factors determining it, and its variations within European populations. The aim of this work was to develop an integrative modeling framework for the assessment of the aggregated long-term exposure to Pb in Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, and Norway. This framework enabled predicting the concentrations of Pb in human blood (PbB) from estimates of the external exposure. The effect of past and current exposure events was accounted for, as multiple country-specific Pb concentration data in environmental compartments and diet, and estimates of the dietary intake of Pb covering a period from the 1970s until the present times were compiled. This modeling approach allowed, using a twodimensional Monte Carlo (MC2D) approach, running a population-based simulation and characterizing the inter-individual variability within the simulated populations and the uncertainty on the external exposure estimates. The predicted PbB levels were compared with the results drawn from HBM data. To the best of our knowledge, this holistic modeling approach combines for the first time temporal and country-specific trends in environmental lead concentrations to derive internal exposure, in order to get better insights into the relationship between environmental and human lead exposure, and to characterize individual exposure at different ages. © The Author(s)