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Veröffentlichung Transport-related measures to mitigate climate change in Basel, Switzerland: A health-effectiveness comparison study(2015) Perez, L.; Trüeb, S.; Cowie, H.; Keuken, M.P.; Mudu, P.; Ragettli, M.S.; Sarigiannis, D.A.; Tuomisto, J.; Tobollik, Myriam; Vienneau, D.; Sabel, C.F.; Kuenzli, N.Background
Local strategies to reduce green-house gases (GHG) imply changes of non-climatic exposure patterns.
Objective
To assess the health impacts of locally relevant transport-related climate change policies in Basel, Switzerland.
Methods
We modelled change in mortality and morbidity for the year 2020 based on several locally relevant transport scenarios including all decided transport policies up to 2020, additional realistic and hypothesized traffic reductions, as well as ambitious diffusion levels of electric cars. The scenarios were compared to the reference condition in 2010 assumed as status quo. The changes in non-climatic population exposure included ambient air pollution, physical activity, and noise. As secondary outcome, changes in Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were put into perspective with predicted changes of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption.
Results
Under the scenario that assumed a strict particle emissions standard in diesel cars and all planned transport measures, 3% of premature deaths could be prevented from projected PM2.5 exposure reduction. A traffic reduction scenario assuming more active trips provided only minor added health benefits for any of the changes in exposure considered. A hypothetical strong support to electric vehicles diffusion would have the largest health effectiveness given that the energy production in Basel comes from renewable sources.
Conclusion
The planned local transport related GHG emission reduction policies in Basel are sensible for mitigating climate change and improving public health. In this context, the most effective policy remains increasing zero-emission vehicles.
Quelle: http://www.sciencedirect.comVeröffentlichung Das GEniUS-Projekt - Eine Übersicht aktueller Studien zu umweltbedingten Krankheitslasten und -kosten(2016) Conrad, André; Plaß, Dietrich; Hornberg, Claudia; Tobollik, Myriam; Wintermeyer, DirkIm Forschungsvorhaben GEniUS (Gesundheitsökonomie und Environmental Burden of Disease im Umwelt-Schutz) wurde eine umfassende Datenbank mit internationalen Studien zu umweltbedingten Krankheitslasten und -kosten erstellt, mit dem Ziel, Argumentationshilfen zur Beurteilung umweltpolitischer Problemstellungen bereitzustellen. In dem Projekt wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche zu 40 biologischen, chemischen und physikalischen Risikofaktoren mit gesundheitlicher Relevanz für Deutschland durchgeführt. 42 Krankheitslasten- und 44 Krankheitskostenstudien wurden identifiziert und die essentiellen Informationen in eine benutzerfreundliche Datenbank eingepflegt. Anhand eines im Projekt entwickelten Kriterienkatalogs wurden die Studienqualität sowie Übertragbarkeit der Studienergebnisse auf Deutschland bewertet. Für einige der betrachteten Stressoren wurden mehrere Studien identifiziert (z. B. für Feinstaub, Schimmel, Lärm und Metalle). Für viele weitere relevante Stressoren wurden jedoch weder Studien zu Krankheitslasten noch -kosten gefunden (z. B. perfluorierte Chemikalien, Pflanzenschutzmittel, Weichmacher). Die eingeschlossenen Studien weisen große Unterschiede hinsichtlich ihrer Qualität und verwendeten Methoden auf, sodass einige der Studien nur eingeschränkt zur Entscheidungsfindung in umweltpolitischen Prozessen genutzt werden können.
Quelle:Das GEniUS-Projekt - Eine Übersicht aktueller Studien zu umweltbedingten Krankheitslasten und -kosten = The GEniUS-project - an overview of current environmental burden of disease and environmental cost-of-illness studies / Myriam Tobollik ... - graph. Darst. In: UMID : Umwelt und Mensch - Informationsdienst ; Umwelt & Gesundheit, Umweltmedizin, Verbraucherschutz. - (2016), H. 1, S. 44Veröffentlichung Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015(2016) Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Alexander, Lily; Anderson, H. Ross; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Biryukov, Stan; Brauer, Michael; Burnett, Richard T.; Cercy, Kelly; Charlson, Fiona J.; Cohen, Aaron J.; Dandona, Lalit; Estep, Kara; Frostad, Joseph, J.; Ferrari, Alize J.; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W.; Godwin, William W.; Griswold, Max; Hay, Simon I.; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kyu, Hmwe H.; Larson, Heidi J.; Liang, Xiaofeng; Lim, Stephen S.; Liu, Patrick Y.; Lopez, Alan D.; Lozano, Rafael; Marczak, Laurie; Mensah, George A.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Naghavi, Mohsen; Neal, Bruce; Reitsma, Marissa B; Roth, Gregory A.; Salomon, Joshua A.; Sur, Patrick J.; Vos, Theo; Wagner, Joseph A.; Wang, Haidong; Zhao, Yi; Zhou, Maigeng; Aasvang, Gunn Marit; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja M.; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdulle, Abdishakur M.; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abraham, Biju; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.; Abyu, Gebre Yitayih; Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi; Ademi, Zanfina; Adou, Arsène Kouablan; Adsuar, José C.; Agardh, Emilie Elisabet; Agarwal, Arnav; Agrawal, Anurag; Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar; Ajala, Oluremi N.; Akinyemiju, Tomi F.; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Plaß, Dietrich; Alam, Noore K. M.; Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed; Aldridge, Robert William; Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw; Ali, Raghib; Tobollik, Myriam; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, Francois; Allebeck, Peter; Alsharif, Ubai; Altirkawi, Khalid A.Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Quelle: www.sciencedirect.comVeröffentlichung Public health impacts of city policies to reduce climate change: findings from the URGENCHE EU-China project(2016) Sabel, Clive E.; Hiscock, Rosemary; Asikainen, Arja; Tobollik, MyriamBackground: Climate change is a global threat to health and wellbeing. Here we provide findings of an international research project investigating the health and wellbeing impacts of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in urban environments. Methods: Five European and two Chinese city authorities and partner academic organisations formed the project consortium. The methodology involved modelling the impact of adopted urban climate-change mitigation transport, buildings and energy policy scenarios, usually for the year 2020 and comparing them with business as usual (BAU) scenarios (where policies had not been adopted). Carbon dioxide emissions, health impacting exposures (air pollution, noise and physical activity), health (cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer and leukaemia) and wellbeing (including noise related wellbeing, overall wellbeing, economic wellbeing and inequalities) were modelled. The scenarios were developed from corresponding known levels in 2010 and pre-existing exposure response functions. Additionally there were literature reviews, three longitudinal observational studies and two cross sectional surveys. Results: There are four key findings. Firstly introduction of electric cars may confer some small health benefits but it would be unwise for a city to invest in electric vehicles unless their power generation fuel mix generates fewer emissions than petrol and diesel. Second, adopting policies to reduce private car use may have benefits for carbon dioxide reduction and positive health impacts through reduced noise and increased physical activity. Third, the benefits of carbon dioxide reduction from increasing housing efficiency are likely to be minor and co-benefits for health and wellbeing are dependent on good air exchange. Fourthly, although heating dwellings by in-home biomass burning may reduce carbon dioxide emissions, consequences for health and wellbeing were negative with the technology in use in the cities studied. Conclusions: The climate-change reduction policies reduced CO2 emissions (the most common greenhouse gas) from cities but impact on global emissions of CO2 would be more limited due to some displacement of emissions. The health and wellbeing impacts varied and were often limited reflecting existing relatively high quality of life and environmental standards in most of the participating cities; the greatest potential for future health benefit occurs in less developed or developing countries. Quelle: www.ehjournal.biomedcentral.comVeröffentlichung Das Konzept der umweltbedingten Krankheitslast(2018) Plaß, Dietrich; Steckling, Nadine; Zeeb, Hajo; Tobollik, Myriam; Wintermeyer, Dirk; Hornberg, ClaudiaVeröffentlichung Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016(2017) Abajobir, A.A.; Abate, K.H.; Abbafati, C.; Tobollik, MyriamVeröffentlichung Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016(2017) Gakidou, Emmanuela; Afshin, Ashkan; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Plaß, Dietrich; Tobollik, MyriamVeröffentlichung Global burden of disease of mercury used in artisanal small-scale gold mining(2017) Steckling, Nadine; Plaß, Dietrich; Hornberg, Claudia; Ericson, Bret; Tobollik, MyriamVeröffentlichung Umweltbedingte Krankheitslasten in Deutschland(2018) Steckling, Nadine; Myck, Thomas; Mertes, Hanna; Plaß, Dietrich; Ziese, Thomas; Tobollik, Myriam; Wintermeyer, Dirk; Hornberg, ClaudiaVeröffentlichung Übersicht zu Indikatoren im Kontext Umwelt und Gesundheit(2018) Kabel, Claudia; Mekel, Odile; Hornberg, Claudia; Plaß, Dietrich; Tobollik, Myriam
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