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Veröffentlichung Antibiotika, Umwelt und "One Health"(2020) Schröder, Patrick; Schönfeld, Jens; Westphal-Settele, Kathi; Konradi, SabineDue to the decades of use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, more and more antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria are appearing in everyday clinical practice and in animal husbandry. Antibiotic residues from human and animal excretions can be detected in various environmental matrices. The environment is a reservoir and acts as a vector for antibiotic resistance genes. National and international programs, such as the "One Health Action Plan", intend to develop actions to combat the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. One of the most promising measures is the reduction of antibiotic quantities dispensed. In Germany, in the veterinary sector annual volume was reduced by 1,000 t (58%) between 2011 and 2017. Based on the total volume for 2017, the veterinary proportion was only a little more than half, in Austria and Switzerland even only around 40%. In order to further reduce the antibiotic quantities dispensed, actions in human medicine should also be intensified in the future. Improved health prevention and further targeted training and communication programs for medical personnel and the public would be suitable actions to reduce the amount in human medicine and thus the entry of antibiotics into the environment. © 2020 Mediengruppe Oberfranken - Fachverlage GmbH & Co. KG.Veröffentlichung Antibiotika, Umwelt und "One Health"(2020) Schröder, Patrick; Schönfeld, Jens; Westphal-Settele, Kathi; Konradi, SabineDue to the decades of use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, more and more antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria are appearing in everyday clinical practice and in animal husbandry. Antibiotic residues from human and animal excretions can be detected in various environmental matrices. The environment is a reservoir and acts as a vector for antibiotic resistance genes. National and international programs, such as the "One Health Action Plan", intend to develop actions to combat the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. One of the most promising measures is the reduction of antibiotic quantities dispensed. In Germany, in the veterinary sector annual volume was reduced by 1,000 t (58%) between 2011 and 2017. Based on the total volume for 2017, the veterinary proportion was only a little more than half, in Austria and Switzerland even only around 40%. In order to further reduce the antibiotic quantities dispensed, actions in human medicine should also be intensified in the future. Improved health prevention and further targeted training and communication programs for medical personnel and the public would be suitable actions to reduce the amount in human medicine and thus the entry of antibiotics into the environment. © 2020 Mediengruppe Oberfranken - Fachverlage GmbH & Co. KG.Veröffentlichung Antibiotika, Umwelt und "One Health"(2020) Schröder, Patrick; Schönfeld, Jens; Westphal-Settele, Kathi; Konradi, SabineDue to the decades of use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, more and more antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria are appearing in everyday clinical practice and in animal husbandry. Antibiotic residues from human and animal excretions can be detected in various environmental matrices. The environment is a reservoir and acts as a vector for antibiotic resistance genes. National and international programs, such as the "One Health Action Plan", intend to develop actions to combat the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. One of the most promising measures is the reduction of antibiotic quantities dispensed. In Germany, in the veterinary sector annual volume was reduced by 1,000 t (58%) between 2011 and 2017. Based on the total volume for 2017, the veterinary proportion was only a little more than half, in Austria and Switzerland even only around 40%. In order to further reduce the antibiotic quantities dispensed, actions in human medicine should also be intensified in the future. Improved health prevention and further targeted training and communication programs for medical personnel and the public would be suitable actions to reduce the amount in human medicine and thus the entry of antibiotics into the environment. © 2020 Mediengruppe Oberfranken - Fachverlage GmbH & Co. KG.Veröffentlichung Antibiotika, Umwelt und "One Health"(2020) Schröder, Patrick; Schönfeld, Jens; Konradi, Sabine; Westphal-Settele, KathiDue to the decades of use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, more and more antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria are appearing in everyday clinical practice and in animal husbandry. Antibiotic residues from human and animal excretions can be detected in various environmental matrices. The environment is a reservoir and acts as a vector for antibiotic resistance genes. National and international programs, such as the "One Health Action Plan", intend to develop actions to combat the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. One of the most promising measures is the reduction of antibiotic quantities dispensed. In Germany, in the veterinary sector annual volume was reduced by 1,000 t (58%) between 2011 and 2017. Based on the total volume for 2017, the veterinary proportion was only a little more than half, in Austria and Switzerland even only around 40%. In order to further reduce the antibiotic quantities dispensed, actions in human medicine should also be intensified in the future. Improved health prevention and further targeted training and communication programs for medical personnel and the public would be suitable actions to reduce the amount in human medicine and thus the entry of antibiotics into the environment. © 2020 Mediengruppe Oberfranken - Fachverlage GmbH & Co. KG.Veröffentlichung Environmental fate and effects assessment of human pharmaceuticals: lessons learnt from regulatory data(2021) Gildemeister, Daniela; Hein, Arne; Schröder, Patrick; Bachmann, Jean; Schwarz, SimonHuman pharmaceuticals are extensively studied and assessed before marketing approval. Since 2006, this also includes an assessment of environmental risks. In the European Union, this is based on the guideline on the environmental risk assessment of medicinal products for human use (EMEA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00 corr 2), which is currently under revision. For Germany, the German Environment Agency (UBA) is tasked with the evaluation of environmental risks of human pharmaceuticals. Applicants seeking approval of medicinal products need to submit fate and effect data, in case predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) exceed 10 ng/L in surface waters, or the substance is of specific concern through its mode of action or physico-chemical characteristics. Over the last decade, this regulatory work resulted in an internal agency database containing effect data on approximately 300 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A considerable part of this data is currently not publicly available due to property rights held by the respective applicants. The database was evaluated to draw conclusions on how the current assessment approach may be improved. The evaluation of aquatic effect data shows considerable variation in ecotoxic effect concentrations, but supports the current use of 10 ng/L as PEC action limit. For endocrine-active substances and antibiotics, a clear sensitivity profile was observed, which allows a more targeted assessment in the future. The conclusions drawn from terrestrial effect data are less clear, as the database itself is biased because information is only available for substances with high sorption. Further adaptations of the terrestrial assessment strategy, including action triggers, appear necessary. Fate data show a high persistence of many APIs: approximately 43% of all APIs are classified as very persistent; 12% of these show DT50 values in a range where abiotic or biotic degradation is not expected. Overall, the evaluation has shown that improvements of the current guideline are possible. © The Author(s) 2021Veröffentlichung Antibiotika, Umwelt und "One Health"(2021) Schröder, Patrick; Schönfeld, Jens; Konradi, Sabine; Westphal-Settele, KathiAntibiotika gehören zu den wichtigsten Entdeckungen der Medizingeschichte, ohne sie wären viele lebensbedrohliche bakterielle Infektionskrankheiten nicht heilbar. Sowohl in der Humanals auch in der Veterinärmedizin werden Antibiotika seit Jahrzehnten erfolgreich eingesetzt. Doch Antibiotika können längst nicht mehr alle Bakterien wirksam bekämpfen. Schätzungsweise 33.000 Menschen sterben pro Jahr europaweit an Infektionen mit antibiotikaresistenten Bakterien. Gegen die Bakterien, mit denen sie infiziert sind, gibt es kein wirksames Antibiotikum mehr, die Zahl der Todesfälle steigt seit 2007 kontinuierlich. Quelle: www.med-search.info