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Veröffentlichung Congestion-clearing payments to passengers(2020) Minett, Paul; Niles, John; Lee, Richard; Schäfer, MarcoThis paper reports on a project that considers whether the goals of (de)congestion pricing could be achieved in whole or in part by incentivizing mode-shift rather than using charging to force it: buying rather than selling decongestion. The project developed a method for estimating the net present value of the costs and benefits of a permanent ITS-enabled program of paying people to travel as passengers rather than as drivers - to reduce existing congestion in a target corridor to a target maximum level of delay - taking into account the mix of the traffic and the potential impact of latent demand and induced trips. This is relevant for making better use of existing infrastructure (a "build nothing" alternative to expansion, but not a "do nothing" one), for decarbonizing transport, and in the run up to automated vehicles where the possibility exists that new infrastructure investments in the 1-20-year timeframe will become stranded assets under some future scenarios. The project incorporated: a thorough review of the literature; focus groups; and a survey in a case study corridor in California to test the theory, develop the method, and determine the likely costs and benefits. The main insights include 1) the significance of an ââą Ìintra-peak demand shiftââą Ì that would occur if congestion was removed; 2) the need for four major components in a congestion-clearing payments program: a) incentives to switch from driving to being a passenger, b) incentives to travel at less preferred times, c) park and ride/pool facilities near the bottleneck to ease the passenger switch, and d) some limitation on single-occupant vehicle travel in the peak-of-the-peak in order to reserve space for vehicles carrying passengers; and 3) the possible need for different land-use regulations in a successful ââą Ìpayments to passengersââą Ì environment where the amount of traffic might no longer be an obvious constraint for expanding the local economy. The case study benefit cost analysis delivers a benefit cost ratio of 4.5 to 1. © 2020 The Author(s)Veröffentlichung Current options and limitations implementing demand responsive public transport in rural counties(2020) Heinitz, Florian M.; Schäfer, MarcoIn the light of imperative efficiency enhancements to achieve climate protection goals and curb operating losses, this contribution reflects the potential but still not materialized transformation of public transport provision in rural Germany towards flexible integrated transport systems, combining a fixed-route trunk network with public demand-responsive transport (DRT) services. Based on a systematization of present public DRT systems and respective collaborative choice options, centering around public ridesharing services and/or hailed micro-transit, this analysis examines promoting factors and impediments by discussing recent domestic and comparative overseas case studies. From selected findings of this retrospection, the authors seek to conclude on common local settings, a minimum addressable trip pooling demand, and corresponding external conditions such as legal frameworks that incentivize or prevent a public authority from exploring the emerging technological opportunities by incremental DRT in Germany. The authors' approach is set (i) to assure ubiquitous minimum levels of service and (ii) to create the necessary financial and legal freedom for municipal decisionmakers to test flexible forms of operation with everyday viability. Source: ICTS 2020 Maritime, transport and logistics science : conference proceedings / 19th International Conference on Transport Science. - Portoroz, 2020. - 1 Onlineresource (406 pages) : Illustrationen. - Online-Ausgabe; Dateigröße / Dateiumfang: 15,32 MB. - ISBN 978-961-7041-08-8, page 112