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Veröffentlichung Urban Mining(2016) Bolland, Til; Keßler, Hermann; Kosmol, Jan; Lehmann, Christian; Müller, FelixEine ambitionierte Kreislaufwirtschaft berücksichtigt alle Materialflüsse entlang der Wertschöpfungskette von der Rohstoffgewinnung bis hin zur Abfallbewirtschaftung. Dabei stellt sich eine große Herausforderung, die noch nicht angemessen in die Kreislaufwirtschaftspolitik integriert ist: Die starke, zeitabhängige Dynamik, mit der sich Materialbestände verändern. Sie wird durch die Verweilzeiten langlebiger Güter angetrieben. Deutschland hat bereits ein enormes Vermögen angehäuft - in Form von Bauwerken, Infrastrukturen und sonstigen langlebigen Gütern. Allerdings können Materialkreisläufe dieser Bauwerke und Güter mitunter erst nach einigen Jahrzehnten geschlossen werden. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, bedarf es eines ganzheitlichen und proaktiven Ansatzes, der die als Sekundärrohstoffe nutzbaren Abfälle in Zusammenhang mit ihrer zeitlichen und räumlichen Freisetzung stellt. Die Strategie hierfür ist: Urban Mining. Die Bundesregierung erklärt in ProgRess II, dass eine Urban Mining Strategie für Deutschland erarbeitet werden wird. Im Zentrum hierfür steht die Ufoplan-Forschungsserie "Kartierung des anthropogenen Lagers". Um das Potenzial des Urban Mining auszuschöpfen, ist es notwendig, dass der Begriff einheitlich verstanden wird und inhaltlich klar ausgerichtet ist. Er soll gerade nicht die gesamte etablierte Siedlungsabfallwirtschaft beinhalten, sondern vielmehr innovative Aspekte betonen und den Fokus auf die intelligente Bewirtschaftung langlebiger Güter in der sogenannten Anthroposphäre legen, dem vom Menschen gestalteten Lebens- und Wirkungsraum. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt Grundzüge, Motivationen und Ziele des Konzepts vor.Quelle: https://www.muellundabfall.deVeröffentlichung Aller Dinge Maß(2016) Angrick, Michael; Keßler, Hermann; Kosmol, Jan; Müller, Felix; Rechenberg, BettinaMaterialflussindikatoren stellen ein zentrales Element von Strategien zur Ressourcenschonung dar. Sie besitzen eine sehr große Relevanz, denn unsere gesamten Wertschöpfungsketten fußen auf einer materiellen Stoffwandlung. In der öffentlichen, politischen Debatte werden sie demzufolge auch sehr weitreichend interpretiert. So besteht bei der Begründung der Rohstoffproduktivität der Nationalen Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie ein Zusammenhang von ökologischen Erfordernissen und der intergenerationalen Verfügbarkeit, das heißt einer wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftspolitischen Knappheitserwartung für Rohstoffe. Im Lichte der Weiterentwicklungen von Materialflussindikatoren und daran geknüpfter Ziele zur Dematerialisierung stellt sich die Frage, wofür diese Indikatoren tatsächlich stehen und welche Aussagekraft zur Ressourcenschonung sie besitzen. Kann man davon ausgehen, dass der Belastungsdruck stetig sinken wird, wenn der Materialeinsatz pauschal reduziert wird? Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurde diese Fragestellung vielschichtig erörtert. Im Ergebnis steht fest, dass man von hohen physischen Material- oder Rohstoffeinsätzen nicht pauschal auf eine hohe "Ressourcenrelevanz" schlussfolgern kann. Die Autoren zeigen auf, dass eine Auslegung von Materialflussindikatoren als Gestaltungs-, Steuerungs- und Zielgrößen kritisch zu sehen ist. Gleichwohl kann dargelegt werden, dass Materialflussindikatoren essentiell für weiterführende Instrumente und systematische Methoden sind. Quelle: http://www.resourceonline.deVeröffentlichung The critical raw materials concept(2018) Keßler, Hermann; Kosmol, Jan; Müller, FelixCriticality analysis has established itself as a multifactorial, action-oriented, socio-economic raw materials scarcity assessment method which is subject to continuous development. A raw material is critical when its supply is at risk and a company or economy is vulnerable to supply restrictions of that raw material. The binary labelling of raw materials as either critical or not delivers a strong message. However, each raw material has a characteristic risk profile which may not be described by an aggregated criticality score and a discrete treshold value. A differentiated interpretation allows for a deeper understanding of the raw material supply situation and for the adoption of appropriate measures. Criticality should be understood as a continuum, subjective to the raw material system in question. A harmonised criticality methodology presented in the industrial guideline on resource efficiency (VDI 4800-II) allows for a flexible application of the concept. ÖkoRess, a research project of the German Environment Agency, examines why and how environmental aspects should be included into the criticality concept. A raw material is consequently environmentally critical if it exhibits a high overall environmental hazard potential and is at the same time of great importance for a company or economy. A high environmental hazard potential can indicate a future supply risk. The conclusions to be drawn, however, differ from the conclusions from conventional criticality analysis. Ecological criticality widens the focus to include measures used to foster responsible sourcing and mining practices, which until now have not been discussed in the context of criticality. Quelle: VerlagsinformationVeröffentlichung Dematerialization(2017) Angrick, Michael; Keßler, Hermann; Kosmol, Jan; Müller, Felix; Rechenberg, BettinaVeröffentlichung The environmental criticality of primary raw materials- A new methodology to assess global environmental hazard potentials of minerals and metals from mining(2018) Manhart, Andreas; Kosmol, Jan; Vogt, Regine; Priester, MichaelEnvironmental aspects are more and more relevant for raw material policy-making and responsible sourcing strategies. This trend is partly based on growing public awareness of problems and impacts associated with extraction and processing of ores and minerals. Disaster events such as the tailing dam failures in Kolontár (Hungary, October 2010) and Bento Rodriguez (Brazil, November 2015) quite frequently highlight the fact that many mining and processing practices are associated with substantial environmental impacts and risks for the local and even regional environments. However, there is also increasing recognition that the rather devastating environmental performance of many past and current mining projects is a major reason for communities around the world to oppose both the development of new and the expansion of existing mines. Although mining companies constantly have to increase their efforts to secure the social license to operate, many scholars already point out that both environmental impacts and associated social and political reactions are emerging as a decisive factor determining current and future raw material supply. In light of these concerns, raw material policy-making requires solid information on environmental hot spots in mining, as well as on raw materials of particular concern. Whereas indicators and information systems are already well developed for geological, technical, structural, political, regulatory, and economic supply risks, there is currently no holistic method and information system for environmental concerns associated with the mining of raw materials. Although life cycle assessment can provide methodological support for various environmental aspects, it has substantial weaknesses in the fields of ecosystem degradation, impacts on fresh- and groundwater resources, and hazard potentials from episodic disaster events. This paper presents a methodology that aims to fill this gap. Our proposed method provides a system of 11 indicators allowing the identification of raw material-specific environmental hot spots and rankings of raw materials. Although the indicator system is qualitative in nature, its composition and aggregation cover the most relevant environmental concerns arising from mining and allow prioritizing of raw materials from a global environmental perspective. © The Author(s) 2018, corrected publication 2018Veröffentlichung A review of methods and data to determine raw material criticality(2020) Schrijvers, Dieuwertje; Hool, Alessandra; Blengini, Gian Andrea; Kosmol, Jan; Nuss, PhilipThe assessment of the criticality of raw materials allows the identification of the likelihood of a supply disruption of a material and the vulnerability of a system (e.g. a national economy, technology, or company) to this disruption. Inconclusive outcomes of various studies suggest that criticality assessments would benefit from the identification of best practices. To prepare the field for such guidance, this paper aims to clarify the mechanisms that affect methodological choices which influence the results of a study. This is achieved via literature review and round table discussions among international experts. The paper demonstrates that criticality studies are divergent in the system under study, the anticipated risk, the purpose of the study, and material selection. These differences in goal and scope naturally result in different choices regarding indicator selection, the required level of aggregation as well as the subsequent choice of aggregation method, and the need for a threshold value. However, this link is often weak, which suggests a lack of understanding of cause-and-effect mechanisms of indicators and outcomes. Data availability is a key factor that limits the evaluation of criticality. Furthermore, data quality, including both data uncertainty and data representativeness, is rarely addressed in the interpretation and communication of results. Clear guidance in the formulation of goals and scopes of criticality studies, the selection of adequate indicators and aggregation methods, and the interpretation of the outcomes, are important initial steps in improving the quality of criticality assessments. © 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.Veröffentlichung Internationale Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitspolitik während und nach der Covid-19-Pandemie(2020) Ginzky, Harald; Kosmol, Jan; Schwirn, KathrinVeröffentlichung Internationale Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitspolitik während und nach der Covid-19 Pandemie(2020) Ginzky, Harald; Kosmol, Jan; Schwirn, KathrinVeröffentlichung Monitoring framework for the use of natural resources in Germany(2021) Nuss, Philip; Frerk, Michel; Günther, Jens; Golde, Michael; Kosmol, Jan; Müller, FelixIndicators are required to monitor the progress of resource and circular economy policies. The German Sustainable Development Strategy and Resource Efficiency Program already include a number of indicators for mapping Germany's resource use and socio-economic metabolism. However, currently used indicators only include a subset of natural resources and often lack an impact evaluation (e.g., considering resource scarcity or environmental relevance). Resource and environmental footprints indirectly caused through the trade of goods have so far only partly been considered by German resource policy and in official statistics. As a result, burden shifting between different resource categories, world regions, or environmental effects can remain undetected. To fill this gap, we discuss the overall scope of natural resource monitoring in Germany and review existing resource indicators evaluating them against a set of predefined criteria. We then propose a possible monitoring framework for Germany consisting of a materials-layer (the focus of resource and circular economy policies to date) for the evaluation of material flows and stocks, and corresponding water, land, and emissions-layers which should be monitored simultaneously to track contributions to the overarching objectives of resource and circular economy policies. Possible indicators and data sources are discussed and an outlook for future research provided. © 2021 The AuthorsVeröffentlichung Der Weg zu einer global gerechten zirkulären Wirtschaft(2023) Janz, Alexander; Kosmol, Jan; Messner, Dirk