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Auflistung Aufsätze nach Schlagwort "Abfluss"

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  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
    Fischschutz- und Fischabstiegsmaßnahmen - Praxisbeispiele im Überblick
    (2022) Keuneke, Rita; Massmann, Edith; Naumann, Stephan
    Im Forum Fischschutz & Fischabstieg wurde als wesentliches Instrument für den notwendigen Wissenstransfer der Atlas Fischschutz & Fischabstieg ins Leben gerufen. Der Atlas Fischschutz & Fischabstieg liefert einen Überblick über alle gängigen Fischschutz- und Fischabstiegseinrichtungen vorrangig im deutschsprachigen Raum, die sich über ein typisches Leistungs- und Abflussspektrum erstrecken. Im Atlas können derzeit Informationen zu 89 Standorten mit einer Fischschutzeinrichtung, zu 82 Standorten mit einer Fischabstiegsanlage und zu 111 Standorten mit einer Begleituntersuchung abgerufen werden. Die Inhalte und Daten des Atlas können strukturiert heruntergeladen werden, so dass sie den individuellen Informationsbedürfnissen angepasst und ausgewertet werden können. Quelle: Korrespondenz Wasserwirtschaft
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
    Pesticide exposure assessment for surface waters in the EU
    (2016) Bach, Martin; Diesner, Mirjam; Großmann, Dietlinde; Müller, Alexander; Priegnitz, Jan
    In 2001, the European Commission introduced a risk assessment project known as FOCUS (FOrum for the Coordination of pesticide fate models and their USe) for the surface water risk assessment of active substances in the European Union. Even for the national authorisation of plant protection products (PPPs), the vast majority of EU member states still refer to the four runoff and six drainage scenarios selected by the FOCUS Surface Water Workgroup. However, our study, as well as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), has stated the need for various improvements. Current developments in pesticide exposure assessment mainly relate to two processes. Firstly, predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of pesticides are calculated by introducing model input variables such as weather conditions, soil properties and substance fate parameters that have a probabilistic nature. Secondly, spatially distributed PECs for soilŃclimate scenarios are derived on the basis of an analysis of geodata. Such approaches facilitate the calculation of a spatiotemporal cumulative distribution function (CDF) of PECs for a given area of interest and are subsequently used to determine an exposure concentration endpoint as a given percentile of the CDF. For national PPP authorisation, we propose that, in the future, exposure endpoints should be determined from the overall known statistical PEC population for an area of interest, and derived for soil and climate conditions specific to the particular member state. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
    Risk mitigation measures for pesticide runoff: How effective are they?
    (2023) Klein, Michael; Flade, Jens; Klein, Judith; Großmann, Dietlinde; Türkowsky, Dominique
    BACKGROUND One of the most important sources of pesticide pollution of surface waters is runoff and erosion from agricultural fields after rainfall. This study analyses the efficacy of different risk mitigation measures to reduce pesticide runoff and erosion inputs into surface waters from arable land excluding rice fields. RESULTS Three groups of risk mitigation measures were quantitatively analyzed: vegetative filter strips, micro-dams in row crops and soil conservation measures. Their effectiveness was evaluated based on a meta-analysis of available experimental data using statistical methods such as classification and regression trees, and exploratory data analysis. Results confirmed the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips and micro-dams. Contrary to common assumption, the width of vegetative filter strips alone is not sufficient to predict their effectiveness. The effectiveness of soil conservation measures (especially mulch-tillage) varied widely. This was in part due to the heterogeneity of the available experimental data, probably resulting from the inconsistent implementation and the inadequate definitions of these measures. CONCLUSION Both vegetative filter strips and micro-dams are effective and suitable, and can therefore be recommended for quantitative assessment of environmental pesticide exposure in surface waters. However, the processes of infiltration and sedimentation in vegetative filter strips should be simulated with a mechanistic model like Vegetative Filter Strip Modeling System, VFSMOD. The reduction effect of micro-dams can be modelled by reducing the runoff curve number, e.g., in the pesticide root zone model, PRZM. Soil conservation measures are in principle promising, but further well-documented data are needed to determine under which conditions they are effective. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.