Scientific Opinion Paper

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Plastics waste management and prevention of marine litter in a circular economy: push and pull instruments to enhance the use of recyclates
(Umweltbundesamt, 2016) Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
The European Commission plans a common strategy for plastics in its Action Plan for the Circular Economy. This strategy for plastics is going to address marine litter as one priority issue, with three-quarters of all marine litter being plastic materials. To prevent marine litter as well as to enhance plastics waste management in a circular economy, the plastics strategy needs to put forward a fine-adjusted common policy-mixture. The policy mixture needs to include concrete and binding instruments to efficiently strengthen recycling and recyclate use in Europe. Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de
How do we achieve a harmonised European regulation of materials in contact with drinking water?
(Umweltbundesamt, 2017) Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
On its way from the source to the tap, drinking water is exposed to myriad materials. Those can leach substances into the water which can alter its odour or taste, have human health relevance (e.g. bisphenol A, lead), or enhance microbial growth. Most components used for the abstraction, treatment and distribution of drinking water are permanently installed and have a long service life. It is therefore essential that they satisfy a high level of safety in order to keep our most vital food item clean and pure and protect human health. Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/
Recommendations for deriving EU minimum quality requirements for water reuse
(Umweltbundesamt, 2017) Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
In this scientific opinion paper the German Environment Agency expresses its recommendations for the development of EU minimum quality requirements for water reuse for agricultural irrigation and aquifer recharge. More ambitious quality standards that complement the current EU legislation and are in line with the precautionary principle are needed to protect human health and the environment in a sustainable way. Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de
How do we achieve a harmonized European regulation of materials in contact with drinking water?
(2017)
On its way from the source to the tap, drinking water is exposed to myriad materials. Those can leach substances into the water which can alter its odour or taste, have human health relevance (e.g. bisphenol A, lead), or enhance microbial growth. Most components used for the abstraction, treatment and distribution of drinking water are permanently installed and have a long service life. It is therefore essential that they satisfy a high level of safety in order to keep our most vital food item clean and pure and protect human health.
COM draft proposal endangers level of health protection against hazardous VOC emissions from construction products
(Umweltbundesamt, 2017) Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
Many construction products release Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) to the indoor air, which are hazardous to human health. Among others, VOCs may have effects ranging from odour perception and irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and throat to acute or systemic effects and long-term effects. This includes effects on the nervous system, allergies or allergy promotion and, in particular, cancer, gene mutations and impaired fertility. The use of low-emission products is an important contribution to a high indoor air quality and hence the human well-being, in particular in new buildings (less ventilation due to higher energy efficiency standards) and in larger scale renovation (introduction of large amounts of construction products into a building). Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de
COM draft proposal endangers level of health protection against hazardous VOC emissions from construction products
(Umweltbundesamt, 2017)
This Scientific Opinion Paper reports about current plans of the European Commission to issue a delegated act on communication of emissions of volatile organic compounds (⁠VOC⁠) from construction products in form of “VOC classes”. German authorities consider this draft delegated act as completely insufficient regarding health requirements for the marketing of construction products and campaign for resumption of discussions and supplementation of the proposal in order to efficiently avoid unacceptable adverse health effects.
Obsolescence - Political strategies for improved durability of products
(Umweltbundesamt, 2017) Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
From fridges to fans - a growing number of consumers replace household goods earlier than they did in the past. The reasons are manifold. Some products simply break down before they reach an optimum technical life. Others are replaced before they reach an optimal service life (time of use by consumers) - the technology may have become outdated or a computer is no longer compatible with the newest software. In other cases, consumers get rid of perfectly working mobile phones simply because they crave the latest model. In this policy brief the German Environment Agency outlines some of its recommendations to policy makers, industry and consumers. They are based on two studies we commissioned in recent years and summed up in our position paper from 2016. Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de
Duiféi chanpin hé zhao zha de zhìliàng baozhèng
(Umweltbundesamt, 2018) Dollhofer, Marie; Zettl, Elisabeth; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
Establishing a quality assurance system for compost and digestate from bio-waste can help to decrease the amount of biodegradable waste being landfilled and to increase material recycling. Germany has been successfully operating such a system since 1989, comprising also an organisation with the competence to control the quality of compost and digestate and to award a quality label, the Bundesgütegemeinschaft Kompost e.V. This brochure introduces to the quality assurance system of compost and digestate in Germany in order to give orientation and to share experiences. It provides information, inter alia, on the legal framework related to bio-waste in the EU and in Germany, on involved organisations and on requirements. This brochure is available in English and in Chinese. Quelle: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de
A blind spot in the assessment of POP/PBT/vPvB properties
(2018) Priegnitz, Jan; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
This paper relates to the assessment of transformation products (i.e. metabolites, degradation or reaction products), which are formed from plant protection products. It addresses a detail in Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 which is not in line with other substance regulations for ⁠REACH⁠, medicinal products, and biocides.Our concern: Also transformation products can be hazardous substances. Meanwhile, they are not yet covered within the ⁠POP⁠/⁠PBT⁠/vPvB assessment and the approval criteria for active substances.Our proposal: At least transformation products occurring in a relevant amount should be included in the assessment and the approval criteria in the same way as active substances.
堆肥产品和沼渣的质量保证
(Umweltbundesamt, 2018)
Establishing a quality assurance system for compost and digestate from bio-waste can help to decrease the amount of biodegradable waste being landfilled and to increase material recycling. Germany has been successfully operating such a system since 1989, comprising also an organisation with the competence to control the quality of compost and digestate and to award a quality label, the Bundesgütegemeinschaft Kompost e.V. This brochure introduces to the quality assurance system of compost and digestate in Germany in order to give orientation and to share experiences. It provides information, inter alia, on the legal framework related to bio-waste in the EU and in Germany, on involved organisations and on requirements. This brochure is available in English and in Chinese.
Umweltbezogene Leistungskennzahlen bei Anlageentscheidungen institutioneller Investoren
(2018) Frank, Ralf; Fink, Hendrik; Albrecht, Patrick; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt. Fachgebiet I.1.4-Wirtschafts- und sozialwissenschaftliche Umweltfragen, nachhaltiger Konsum; Matthey, Astrid
Inwieweit berücksichtigen institutionelle Investoren, wie wie Banken und Fondsmanager, bereits heute umweltbezogene Leistungskennzahlen in ihren Anlageentscheidungen? Wo liegen besondere Informationsinteressen der Investoren? Wo liegen Barrieren für eine weitergehende Integration? Und wie könnte eine bessere Integration erreicht werden? Das Policy Paper stellt die zentralen Ergebnisse der zu diesen Fragen durchgeführten Befragung unter Investoren und ESG-Ratingagenturen vor und gibt Empfehlungen zum Abbau der bestehenden Hemmnisse und zur Förderung der Integration umweltbezogener Leistungskennzahlen in die Anlageentscheidung von Finanzmarktakteuren. Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de
What issues need to be addressed in the RED II draft to ensure environmental integrity and net climate benefit of bioenergy use
(Umweltbundesamt, 2018) Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
With this scientific opinion paper, we aim to raise awareness for some issues leading to insufficient GHG savings and potentially causing a gap between two climate and energy legislative frameworks of the European Union: the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) and the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry Regulation (LULUCF Regulation). Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de
德国2050年温室气体中和
(Umweltbundesamt, 2019)
RESCUE 研究表明，德国可通过多种路径在2050年之前实现温室气体中和。越早采取更有雄心的行动，就有更大的转型路径选择空间，并实现替代法、避免法和碳汇法之间的平衡。该政策文件提炼了RESCUE研究关于如何有效保护气候的主要结论，并指明了德国实现温室气体中和与为《巴黎协定》作恰当贡献所需的必要举措。
Effectively tackling the issue of millions of vehicles with unknown whereabouts
(Umweltbundesamt, 2020) Kitazume, Christian; Kohlmeyer, Regina; Oehme, Ines; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
6 million end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) are disposed of in the EU each year according to Eurostat statistics. However, annually, the fate of an additional 3.4 to 4.7 million deregistered vehicles is unaccounted for. A substantial share of this efflux is likely to be illegally treated or exported, thereby potentially causing environmental damage and harming European economies. To halt unauthorised treatment and illegal export of these vehicles with unknown whereabouts, an appropriate European framework for national vehicle registration systems is needed to effectively prevent leakage and intrinsically direct all ELVs into the more than 13,000 authorised treatment facilities. The certificate of destruction (CoD) as the current steering instrument under the ELV Directive 2000/53/EC can only be effective if embedded into appropriate vehicle registration/ deregistration systems. The German Environment Agency therefore recommends to complement the CoD by the following minimum requirements for national vehicle registration systems. Quelle: E-Book
Resource-efficient pathways towards Greenhouse Gas-Neutrality (RESCUE)
(Umweltbundesamt, 2020) Nuss, Philip; Günther, Jens; Knoche, Guido; Purr, Katja; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
The RESCUE study describes in six scenarios possible development paths towards a resource-efficient and greenhouse-gas (GHG) neutral Germany until 2050. The GreenSupreme scenario achieves the reduction of emissions along a global 1.5 ˚C path towards GHG-neutrality by 2050, while at the same time substantially lowering Germany's material footprint. This publication discusses possible synergies and overlaps of the transformation areas within RESCUE and the elements of the recently published "European Green Deal". It is hoped to inform stakeholders (e.g., governments, businesses, civil society, and science) with an interest in transformation pathways until 2050. Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de
Hydrofluorocarbon emission reduction: a crucial contribution to climate protection
(Umweltbundesamt, 2021) Graaf, Daniel de; Elsner, Cornelia; Graaf, Daniel de ; Hoffmann, Gabriele; Martens, Kerstin; Plehn, Wolfgang; Thalheim, Diana; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are the dominant fraction of fluorinated greenhouse gases, also known as F-gases. HFC emissions in the European Union (EU) amounted to 112 million tonnes CO2 equivalent (Mt CO2eq.) in 2018. This amounts to 2,2% of the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions. Main sources of HFC emissions are refrigeration and air conditioning plants and appliances. Following a proposal by the EU Commission, EU member states and the EU parliament just recently agreed to increase the 2030 target from 40% to 55% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions compared to the 1990 level. This considerable step-up of climate ambition by more than a third needs to be reflected also in the revision process of the F-gas Regulation, regardless of the achievements already made to curb F-gas emissions. On the occasion of the F-gas Regulation revision, the German Environment Agency proposes the acceleration of the phase-down scenario, resulting in larger reduction steps from 2024 on and a final level of 10% of the baseline by 2030 compared to 21% according to the current schedule. Source: www.umweltbundesamt.de
Recommendations for the revision of the packaging and packaging waste Directive 1994/62/EG
(Umweltbundesamt, 2021) Boße, Jasmin; Fabian, Matthias; Friedrich, Norman; Grimminger, Sonia; Kerellaj, Samir; Kotschik, Gerhard; Krüger, Franziska; Oehme, Ines; Seifert, Kim; Wagner, Isabel; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
Over the past 10 years, the amount of packaging generated across the EU has increased by almost 18 percent, with around 66 percent of packaging waste being recycled. The revision of the Packaging Directive should therefore primarily help to strengthen waste prevention, the recyclability of packaging and the use of recyclates and further develop information requirements. Material requirements should be stipulated in the Directive itself, supplemented by the possibility to set, if necessary, more extensive requirements for certain types of packaging in downstream legal acts. In a scientific opinion paper, the German Environment Agency presents a regulatory concept and recommendations in this regard. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de
Empfehlungen für die Revision der Verpackungsrichtlinie 1994/62/EG
(Umweltbunesamt, 2021) Boße, Jasmin; Fabian, Matthias; Friedrich, Norman; Grimminger, Sonia; Kerellaj, Samir; Kotschik, Gerhard; Krüger, Franziska; Oehme, Ines; Seifert, Kim; Wagner, Isabel; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
In den vergangenen 10 Jahren ist das Aufkommen von Verpackungen EU-weit um fast 18 Prozent gestiegen, wobei rund 66 Prozent der Verpackungsabfälle dem Recycling zugeführt wurden. Die Revision der Verpackungsrichtlinie sollte daher vor allem dazu beitragen, die Abfallvermeidung, die Recyclingfähigkeit von Verpackungen und den Rezyklateinsatz zu stärken und Informationsanforderungen weiter zu entwickeln. Die materiellen Anforderungen sollten in der Richtlinie selbst festgelegt werden, ergänzt durch die Möglichkeit, bei Bedarf weitergehende Anforderungen an bestimmte Verpackungsarten in nachgeordneten Rechtsakten zu regeln. In einem "Scientific Opinion Paper" legt das Umweltbundesamt hierzu ein Regelungskonzept und Empfehlungen vor. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de
The Zero Pollution Action Plan as a chance for a cross-regulatory approach to pollution prevention and reduction
(Umweltbundesamt, 2021) Conrad, André; Hildebrandt, Sophia; Klauk, Anja; Langner, Marcel; Schubert, Tim; Schulte, Christoph; Schwan, Johannes; Suhr, Michael; Tietjen, Lars; Vierke, Lena; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
To further prevent and reduce the pollution of air, water, and soil and to safeguard human health and well-being, the European regulatory framework needs to be improved to include a cross-regulatory approach. This scientific opinion paper presents such an approach for the systemic protection of air, water, soil and human health- the Zero Pollution Ambition Cycle developed by the German Environment Agency (UBA)- The implementation of the measures announced by the European Commission within the EU Action Plan 'Towards Zero Pollution for Air, Water and Soil' published in May 2021 is an excellent opportunity for the different stakeholders for further developing and applying this integrated approach. Source: www.umweltbundesamt.de
Improving environmental protection in EU pharmaceutical legislation
(Umweltbundesamt, 2022) Gildemeister, Daniela; Buck, Annika; Hein, Arne; Rönnefahrt, Ines; Ebert, Ina; Debiak, Malgorzata
In preparation of the revision of Directive 2001/83/ EC and Regulation (EC) No 726/2004, the German Environment Agency (UBA) proposes legal changes to reduce pharmaceutical residues in the environment. The proposals are based on UBA's experiences as competent authority for the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pharmaceuticals. Our overall aim is to ensure a comprehensive risk management system without compromising availability of medicines for patients. In this context we consider the recent EU strategy on pharmaceuticals and initiatives in connection with EU`s Green Deal particularly the Zero Pollution Ambition and the one substance one assessment approach. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de

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