Person: Walter-Rohde, Susanne
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Veröffentlichung Reducing the number of fish used in acute toxicity testing: Incorporation of the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity test into the threshold approach(2016) Bishop, Patricia; Faßbender, Christopher; Altmann, Dominik; Walter-Rohde, SusanneVeröffentlichung Der Strategische Ansatz zum Internationalen Chemikalienmanagement (SAICM)(2016) Blum, Christopher; Hickmann, Silke; Koch-Jugl, Juliane; Rose, Johanna; Stolzenberg, Hans-Christian; Walter-Rohde, Susanne; Zubrzycki, Rafael; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtChemikalien haben einen wichtigen Nutzen für die Gesellschaft. Leider können sie auch der menschlichen Gesundheit und der Umwelt schaden. Zudem steigen die Herstellung und der Verbrauch von Chemikalien weltweit. Chemikalien und Produkte mit Chemikalien werden global gehandelt. Um sicherzustellen, dass gefährliche Chemikalien sicher angewendet werden, ohne negative Auswirkungen auf die menschliche Gesundheit und die Umwelt, ist eine Gestaltung des Chemikalienmanagements auf internationaler Ebene notwendig. Aus diesem Grund wurde im Jahr 2006 der Strategische Ansatz zum Internationalen Chemikalienmanagement (SAICM) gegründet. Der Strategische Ansatz ist ein völkerrechtlich nicht bindendes politisches Rahmenwerk. Der SAICM bringt Akteure und Sektoren aus aller Welt zusammen bringt, um die globale Chemikaliensicherheit bis 2020 mitzugestalten. Er behandelt alle Aspekte der Chemikaliensicherheit, von der Herstellung, Verwendung, bis zur Entsorgung einer Chemikalie. Hier werden auch freiwillige Aktivitäten zu neu aufkommenden Themen vereinbart. Zuletzt werden hier die Kapazitäten zum Chemikalienmanagement in Entwicklungsländern aufgebaut. Das Mandat des Strategischen Ansatzes endet im Jahr 2020. Das internationale Chemikalienmanagement wird aber auch über diesen Zeitpunkt hinaus notwendig bleiben, da es ein wichtiges Element der nachhaltigen Entwicklung darstellt und sein Ziel bis 2020 nicht erreicht haben wird. Aus diesen Gründen müssen bis 2020 Schwerpunkte und Lösungsansätze für das internationale Chemikalienmanagement nach 2020 gefunden werden. Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.deVeröffentlichung From the exposome to mechanistic understanding of chemical-induced adverse effects(2017) Escher, Beate I.; Hackemüller, Jörg; Polte, Tobias; Eisenträger, Adolf; Walter-Rohde, SusanneThe exposome encompasses an individual's exposure to exogenous chemicals, as well as endogenous chemicals that are produced or altered in response to external stressors. While the exposome concept has been established for human health, its principles can be extended to include broader ecological issues. The assessment of exposure is tightly interlinked with hazard assessment. Here, we explore if mechanistic understanding of the causal links between exposure and adverse effects on human health and the environment can be improved by integrating the exposome approach with the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept that structures and organizes the sequence of biological events from an initial molecular interaction of a chemical with a biological target to an adverse outcome. Complementing exposome research with the AOP concept may facilitate a mechanistic understanding of stress-induced adverse effects, examine the relative contributions from various components of the exposome, determine the primary risk drivers in complex mixtures, and promote an integrative assessment of chemical risks for both human and environmental health. Quelle: VerlagsinformationVeröffentlichung Validation of a method to determine transformation of chemicals in anaerobic liquid pig and cattle manure for the OECD test guideline programme(2022) Berkner, Silvia; Anke, Julia Margaretha; Düring, Rolf-Alexander; Walter-Rohde, SusanneManure is widely used as a fertilizer and applied to agricultural land. It may contain highly active chemicals like veterinary medicinal products or biocides, which enter into the environment by this pathway. This is recognized by several regulatory frameworks, however, a detailed method for examining the transformation of chemicals in manure was lacking. This article describes the validation of a method for studying the anaerobic transformation of chemicals in pig and cattle liquid manure. Different steps are covered with an emphasis on the validation ring test and the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) process that led to the recent adoption of the method as OECD Test Guideline (TG) 320. © 2022 The Authors.Veröffentlichung Limitations and uncertainties of acute fish toxicity assessments can be reduced using alternative methods(2021) Paparella, Martin; Scholz, Stefan; Belanger, Scott E.; Walter-Rohde, SusanneInformation about acute fish toxicity is routinely required in many jurisdictions for environmental risk assessment of chemicals. This information is typically obtained using a 96-hour juvenile fish test for lethality according to OECD test guideline (TG) 203 or equivalent regional guidelines. However, TG 203 has never been validated using the criteria currently required for new test methods including alternative methods. Characterization of the practicality and validity of TG 203 is important to provide a benchmark for alternative methods. This contribution systematically summarizes the available knowledge on limitations and uncertainties of TG 203, based on methodological, statistical, and biological considerations. Uncertainties stem from the historic flexibility (e.g., use of a broad range of species) and constraints of the basic test design (e.g., no replication). Other sources of uncertainty arise from environmental safety extrapolation based on TG 203 data. Environmental extrapolation models, combined with data from alternative methods, including mechanistic indicators of toxicity, may provide at least the same level of environmental protection. Yet, most importantly, the 3R advantages of alternative methods allow a better standardization, characterization, and an improved basic study design. This can enhance data reliability and thus facilitate the comparison of chemical toxicity, as well as the environmental classifications and prediction of no-effect concentrations of chemicals. Combined with the 3R gains and the potential for higher throughput, a reliable assessment of more chemicals can be achieved, leading to improved environmental protection. Source: https://www.altex.org