Organisationseinheit: Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt. Fachgebiet II.3.5 - Mikrobiologie des Trink- und Badebeckenwassers
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Bad Elster
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Complexity and challenges in agricultural water reuse monitoring from a German perspective
(2025) Hasselder, Pascal; Helmecke, Manuela; Tiehm, Andreas; Aumeier, Benedikt Maximilian; Förster, Christina; Zahn, Daniel; Ho, Johannes; Stapf, Michael; Zacharias, Nicole; Dockhorn, Thomas; Miehe, Ulf; Ruhl, Aki Sebastian
Agricultural water reuse is one approach to mitigate water stress. In addition to the minimum requirements, the European water-reuse regulation 2020/741 mandates a risk management approach for agricultural water reuse. In contrast to the microbiological monitoring, the extent of the chemical risk assessment and monitoring is not clearly defined. The resulting complexity of a typical agricultural water-reuse scheme was analyzed. Potentially relevant parameters were identified based on European and German regulatory frameworks, concerning key subjects of protection. An interdisciplinary assessment of efforts and challenges, regarding required analyses, was accomplished, using expertise from recent research investigating agricultural water reuse in Germany. Suggestions were provided for disinfection validation, microbiological monitoring parameters and analytical methods. Additionally, chemical indicator parameters were suggested to address relevant processes during monitoring. Both microbiological and chemical parameters presented analytical challenges, which were described with future needs to support water-reuse implementation. Costs for analyses were estimated using available price information, highlighting the high costs of certain analyses, especially for organic micropollutants. Therefore, analyses need to be further facilitated by the application of process indicators and the implementation of cost-effective, multi-target methods tailored to the requirements of risk management for agricultural water reuse.© Author(s) 2025
Removal of bacteriophages MS2 and ΦX174 in biotic iron and manganese filters and in ultrafiltration of iron and manganese containing backwash water
(2026) Steuer, Andrea; Kast, Charlotte; Mahringer, Daniel; Förster, Christina; Ernst, Mathias; Ruhl, Aki Sebastian
Viruses pose risks to human health and might be of special concern in filter backwash water recycling, yet there are no published studies on the subject. The fate of the bacteriophages MS2 and ΦX174 during biological filtration was studied at pilot scale. Furthermore, the efficacy of phage removal in ultrafiltration of filter backwash water was investigated for four different ultrafiltration (UF) membranes at laboratory scale. During biotic iron and manganese removal from groundwater (2.1–2.7 mg/L Fedis and 0.4–0.7 mg/L Mndis), both phages were removed by less than one log10 unit at filtration velocities of 7.5 m/h and 15.0 m/h. Treatment of filter backwash water (3.9–7.9 mg/L Fetotal) with a polyether sulfone flat-sheet UF membrane (pore size 26 nm) yielded a removal of MS2 phages of 4 log10 units and of ΦX174 of approx. 3 log10 units. Using different UF membranes revealed no clear relation between pore size and phage retention, with phage retention reaching up to 7 log10 units with pore sizes larger than phage diameters. © 2025 The Author(s)
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