Publikation:
A time trend of urinary 4-methylbenzylidene camphor metabolites in young adults from Germany

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dc.contributor.authorSchmidtkunz, Christoph
dc.contributor.authorKolossa-Gehring, Marike
dc.contributor.authorKüpper, Katja
dc.contributor.authorWeber, Till
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-16T12:53:29Z
dc.date.available2024-06-16T12:53:29Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstract4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is used as a UV-B filter in cosmetics. Two oxidized metabolites of 4-MBC - 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)camphor (cx-MBC) and 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxycamphor (cx-MBC-OH) - were analyzed in 250 24-h urine samples from young adults in Germany. The samples were from the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) and represented exposure in the years 1995, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2019. A UHPLC-MS/MS method enabled the sensitive determination of both metabolites, with limits of quantifi cation at 0.15 mikrogL-1 (cx-MBC) and 0.30 mikrogL-1 (cx-MBC-OH), respectively. A temporal trend of the internal exposure to 4-MBC was clearly noticeable. The metabolite cx-MBC was frequently quantifiable at the beginning of the period: in 70% of the samples in 1995, and 56% in 2005. After 2005, urinary concentrations and detection rates of cx-MBC dropped to reach very low levels. In 2015 and 2019, the detection rate was only 2% and 0%, respectively. A similar trend was observed for cx-MBC-OH, though overall, this metabolite was detected less often and at lower concentration levels than cx-MBC. Nowadays, measurable levels of urinary 4-MBC metabolites are an extremely rare occurrence in Germany. These trends are consistent with the history of 4-MBC use by the cosmetic industry. The highest measured individual concentration of 16.20 mikrogL-1 (in a sample of the year 2005) was still more than 30 times below the health-based guidance value (HBM-I). An investigation of the ratios between both metabolites uncovered several features of the 4-MBC metabolism which have been essentially overlooked until now. In particular, stereochemical aspects should be explored in future studies. As urine was collected in autumn/winter in Northwestern Germany, the 4-MBC metabolites measured prob ably do not arise from sunscreen products in a narrow sense. They rather may reveal the use of other skin care products containing 4-MBC for UV protection as an added feature. © 2023 Elsevieren
dc.format.extent1 Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)
dc.format.mediumonline resource
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.60810/openumwelt-985
dc.identifier.urihttps://openumwelt.de/handle/123456789/2049
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
dc.subjectHuman-Biomonitoring
dc.titleA time trend of urinary 4-methylbenzylidene camphor metabolites in young adults from Germany
dc.typeWissenschaftlicher Artikel
dc.type.dcmitext
dc.type.mediumcomputer
dspace.entity.typePublication
local.bibliographicCitation.journalTitleEnvironmental Research
local.bibliographicCitation.originalDOI10.1016/j.envres.2023.115833
local.bibliographicCitation.volume228 (2023)
local.collectionAufsätze
local.contributor.authorId02182281
local.contributor.authorId02184264
local.identifier.catalogId02497681
local.ingest.leader05539naa a2200000uu 4500
local.jointTitleA TIME TREND OF URINARY 4METHYLBENZYLIDENE CAMPHOR METABOLITES IN YOUNG ADULTS FROM GERMANY
local.reviewtrue
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0c3b6c3e-eff4-42d8-94e9-07a4fee4049c
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