Publikation:
Holi colours contain PM10 and can induce pro-inflammatory responses

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dc.contributor.authorBach, Sabine
dc.contributor.authorBossmann, Katrin
dc.contributor.authorHeinze, Rita
dc.contributor.authorHöflich, Conny
dc.contributor.authorNeumann, Anett
dc.contributor.authorStraff, Wolfgang
dc.contributor.authorSüring, Katrin
dc.contributor.authorValtanen, Kerttu
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-16T15:53:16Z
dc.date.available2024-06-16T15:53:16Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractBackground<BR>At Holi festivals, originally celebrated in India but more recently all over the world, people throw coloured powder (Holi powder, Holi colour, Gulal powder) at each other. Adverse health effects, i.e. skin and ocular irritations as well as respiratory problems may be the consequences. The aim of this study was to uncover some of the underlying mechanisms.<BR>Methods<BR>We analysed four different Holi colours regarding particle size using an Electric field cell counting system. In addition, we incubated native human cells with different Holi colours and determined their potential to induce a pro-inflammatory response by quantifying the resulting cytokine production by means of ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and the resulting leukocyte oxidative burst by flow cytometric analysis. Moreover, we performed the XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) and Propidium iodide cytotoxicity tests and we measured the endotoxin content of the Holi colour samples by means of the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test (LAL test).<BR>Results<BR>We show here that all tested Holi colours consist to more than 40 % of particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 ìm, so called PM10 particles (PM, particulate matter). Two of the analysed Holi powders contained even more than 75 % of PM10 particles.<BR>Furthermore we demonstrate in cell culture experiments that Holi colours can induce the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-á(Tumor necrosis factor-á), IL-6 (Interleukine-6) and IL-1â(Interleukine-1â). Three out of the four analysed colours induced a significantly higher cytokine response in human PBMCs (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells) and whole blood than corn starch, which is often used as carrier substance for Holi colours. Moreover we show that corn starch and two Holi colours contain endotoxin and that certain Holi colours display concentration dependent cytotoxic effects in higher concentration. Furthermore we reveal that in principle Holi colours and corn starch are able to generate an oxidative burst in human granulocytes and monocytes. In Holi colour 1 we detected a fungal contamination.<BR>Conclusions<BR>Some of the observed unwanted health effects of Holi colours might be explained by the high content of PM10 particles in conjunction with the possible induction of a pro-inflammatory response and an oxidative leukocyte burst.<BR>Quelle: http://occup-med.biomedcentral.comen
dc.format.extent1 Onlineressource (11 Seiten)
dc.format.mediumonline resource
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.60810/openumwelt-598
dc.identifier.urihttps://openumwelt.de/handle/123456789/7445
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
dc.subjectPM10
dc.titleHoli colours contain PM10 and can induce pro-inflammatory responses
dc.typeWissenschaftlicher Artikel
dc.type.dcmitext
dc.type.mediumcomputer
dspace.entity.typePublication
local.bibliographicCitation.journalTitleJournal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology
local.bibliographicCitation.originalDOI10.1186/s12995-016-0130-9
local.bibliographicCitation.volume11 (2016), Heft 42
local.collectionAufsätze
local.contributor.authorId(DE-588)1011830590
local.contributor.authorId(DE-588)124810187
local.identifier.catalogId02437953
local.ingest.leader07090naa a2200000uu 4500
local.jointTitleHOLI COLOURS CONTAIN PM10 AND CAN INDUCE PROINFLAMMATORY RESPONSES
local.reviewtrue
local.sourcecatalog
local.source.urihttp://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12995-016-0130-9
local.staffPublicationtrue
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