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Phthalate metabolites in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) from 1988 to 2015 and a comparison with US NHANES data from 1999 to 2012

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dc.contributor.authorKoch, Holger M.
dc.contributor.authorApel, Petra
dc.contributor.authorSchütze, Andre
dc.contributor.authorConrad, André
dc.contributor.authorPälmke, Claudia
dc.contributor.authorKolossa-Gehring, Marike
dc.contributor.authorBrüning, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorRüther, Maria
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-16T15:47:59Z
dc.date.available2024-06-16T15:47:59Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractThe German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) continuously collects 24-h urine samples since theearly 1980s in Germany. In this study we analyzed 300 urine samples from the years 2007 to 2015 for 21phthalate metabolites (representing exposure to 11 parent phthalates) and combined the data with twoprevious retrospective measurement campaigns (1988 to 2003 and 2002 to 2008). The combined datasetcomprised 1162 24-h urine samples spanning the years 1988 to 2015. With this detailed set of humanbiomonitoring data we describe the time course of phthalate exposure in Germany over a time frame of27 years. For the metabolites of the endocrine disrupting phthalates di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP),di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP) we observed a roughly ten-fold decline inmedian metabolite levels from their peak levels in the late 1980s/early 1990s compared to most recentlevels from 2015. Probably, bans (first enacted in 1999) and classifications/labelings (enacted in 2001 and2004) in the European Union lead to this drop. A decline in di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP) metabolite levelsset in only quite recently, possibly due to its later classification as a reproductive toxicant in the EU in 2009.In a considerable number of samples collected before 2002 health based guidance values (BE, HBM I) havebeen exceeded for DnBP (27.2%) and DEHP (2.3%) but also in recent samples some individual exceedancescan still be observed (DEHP 1.0%). A decrease in concentration for all low molecular weight phthalates,labelled or not, was seen in the most recent years of sampling. For the high molecular weight phthalates,DEHP seems to have been substituted in part by di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), but DiNP metabolite levelshave also been declining in the last years. Probably, non-phthalate alternatives increasingly take overfor the phthalates in Germany. A comparison with NHANES (National Health and Nutrition ExaminationSurvey) data from the United States covering the years 1999 to 2012 revealed both similarities anddifferences in phthalate exposure between Germany and the US. Exposure to critical phthalates hasdecreased in both countries with metabolite levels more and more aligning with each other, but highmolecular weight phthalates substituting DEHP (such as DiNP) seem to become more important in theUS than in Germany.<BR>© 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserveden
dc.format.extent1 Onlineressource
dc.format.mediumonline resource
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.60810/openumwelt-57
dc.identifier.urihttps://openumwelt.de/handle/123456789/7319
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
dc.subjectExposition
dc.subjectHarn
dc.titlePhthalate metabolites in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) from 1988 to 2015 and a comparison with US NHANES data from 1999 to 2012
dc.typeWissenschaftlicher Artikel
dc.type.dcmitext
dc.type.mediumcomputer
dspace.entity.typePublication
local.bibliographicCitation.journalTitleInternational Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
local.bibliographicCitation.originalDOI10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.11.003
local.bibliographicCitation.volume220 (2017), Heft 2
local.collectionAufsätze
local.contributor.authorId00419574
local.contributor.authorId02157262
local.contributor.authorId02175171
local.contributor.authorId00415753
local.identifier.catalogId02439837
local.ingest.leader07129naa a2200000uu 4500
local.jointTitlePHTHALATE METABOLITES IN 24H URINE SAMPLES OF THE GERMAN ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIMEN BANK ESB FROM 1988 TO 2015 AND A COMPARISON WITH US NHANES DATA FROM 1999 TO 2012
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local.source.urihttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463916303431
local.staffPublicationtrue
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery28f9b1e3-5211-44ba-8d52-c462cd5fe32d
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