Person: Ricking, Mathias
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Veröffentlichung Molecular insights into the formation and remobilization potential of nonextractable anthropogenic organohalogens in heterogeneous environmental matrices(2019) Zhu, Xiaojing; Dsikowitzky, Larissa; Ricking, MathiasAnthropogenic organohalogens (AOHs) are toxic and persistent pollutants that occur ubiquitously in the environment. An unneglectable portion of them can convert into nonextractable residues (NER) in the natural solid substances. NER-AOHs are not detectable by conventional solvent-extraction, and will get remobilized through changes of surrounding environment. Consequently, the formation and fate of NER-AOHs should be investigated comprehensively. In this study, solvent extraction, sequential chemical degradation and thermochemolysis were applied on different sample matrices (sediments, soils and groundwater sludge, collected from industrial areas) to release extractable and nonextractable AOHs. Covalent linkages were observed most favorable for the hydrophilic-group-containing monocyclic aromatic AOHs (HiMcAr-AOHs) (e.g. halogenated phenols, benzoic acids and anilines) incorporating into the natural organic matter (NOM) as NER. Physical entrapment mainly contributed to the NER formation of hydrophobic monocyclic aromatic AOHs (HoMcAr-AOHs) and polycyclic aromatic AOHs (PcAr-AOHs). The hypothesized remobilization potential of these NER-AOHs follow the order HiMcAr-AOHs > HoMcAr-AOHs/ aliphatic AOHs > PcAr-AOHs. In addition, the NOM macromolecular structures of the studied samples were analyzed. Based on the derived results, a conceptual model of the formation mechanisms of NER-AOHs is proposed. This model provides basic molecular insights that are of high value for risk assessment and remediation of AOHs. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Veröffentlichung Occurrence of microplastics in the Danube River - a first screening(2021) Asenova, Mina; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Bednarz, Marius; Kerndorff, Alexander; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, MathiasPlastics, and microplastics in particular, are still part of scientific and regulatory discussions. Their inputs from land ultimately end up in the oceans, where they remain for a long time. River systems represent an important path of entry into the oceans. The Danube is the second largest river in Europe and can therefore be an example for the occurrence of plastic in other large river systems. In JDS4 a comprehensive screening of microplastics was carried out over the entire course of the river. Sampling was performed by means of deploying sedimentation boxes into the river for 14 days; followed by thermo-analytical detection (TED-GC/MS) for determination of the total content of various plastic polymers in the collected suspended particulate matter samples. For the first time, a baseline of pollution by microplastics in the Danube River Basin has been established. In all samples almost, all analyzed polymers were detected and quantified, whereas there is no clear trend along the Danube with increasing or decreasing contents. The contents ranged between 0.05 - 22.24, 0.00 - 0.45, 0.00-1.03 and 0.00 3.32 for PE, PP, SBR and PS [(micro)g/mg] SPM, respectively. Quelle: A shared analysis of the Danube River : joint Danube survey 4 ; scientific report / Editors: Igor Liška [and five others]. - Vienna : International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River, 2021. - 1 Onlineresource (562 pages) : Illustrationen. - E-Book; Dateigröße / Dateiumfang: 44,09 MB. - ISBN 978-3-200-07450-7, Seite 487Veröffentlichung Konzeptvorschlag für die Auswahl zu untersuchender Mikroverunreinigungen in kommunalen Abwässern mittels physiko-chemischer Untersuchungsverfahren(2022) Braun, Ulrike; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Lukas, Marcus; Bachem, Gunnar; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, MathiasVeröffentlichung Microplastics in the Danube River Basin: a first comprehensive screening with harmonized analytical approach(2022) Braun, Ulrike; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Bednarz, Marius; Kerndorf, Alexander; Lukas, Marcus; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, MathiasIn this study, carried out within the Joint Danube Survey 4, a comprehensive microplastic screening in the water column within a large European river basin from its source to estuary, including major tributaries, was realized. The objective was to develop principles of a systematic and practicable microplastic monitoring strategy using sedimentation boxes for collection of suspended particulate matter followed by its subsequent analysis using thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In total, 18 sampling sites in the Danube River Basin were investigated. The obtained suspended particulate matter samples were subdivided into the fractions of >100 mikrom and <100 mikrom and subsequently analyzed for microplastic mass contents. The results showed that microplastics were detected in all samples, with polyethylene being the predominant polymer with maximum contents of 22.24 mikrog/mg, 3.23 mikrog/mg for polystyrene, 1.03 mikrog/mg for styrene-butadiene-rubber, and 0.45 mikrog/mg for polypropylene. Further, polymers such as different sorts of polyester, polyacrylates, polylactide, and natural rubber were not detected or below the detection limit. Additional investigations on possible interference of polyethylene signals by algae-derived fatty acids were assessed. In the context of targeted monitoring, repeated measurements provide more certainty in the interpretation of the results for the individual sites. Nevertheless, it can be stated that the chosen approach using an integrative sampling and determination of total plastic content proved to be successful. © 2022 The AuthorsVeröffentlichung Development and testing of a fractionated filtration for sampling of microplastics in water(2019) Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, Mathias; Schniegler, Sara; Szewzyk, Regine; Barthel, Anne-KathrinA harmonization of sampling, sample preparation and detection is pivotal in order to obtain comparable data on microplastics (MP) in the environment. This paper develops and proposes a suitable sampling concept for waterbodies that considers different plastic specific properties and influencing factors in the environment. Both artificial water including defined MP fractions and the discharge of a wastewater treatment plant were used to verify the derived sampling procedure, sample preparation and the subsequent analysis of MP using thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS). A major finding of this paper is that an application of various particle size classes greatly improves the practical handling of the sampling equipment. Size classes also enable the TED-GC-MS to provide any data on the MP size distribution, a substantial sampling property affecting both the necessary sampling volume and the optimal sampling depth. In the artificial body of water with defined MP fractions, the recovery rates ranged from 80-110%, depending on the different MP types and MP size classes. In the wastewater discharge, we found both polyethylene and polystyrene in different size classes and quantities. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Veröffentlichung A simple model approach for the desorption of DDT and related compounds from contaminated sediment to plastic polymers(2021) Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Kerndorff, Alexander; Braun, Ulrike; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, MathiasVeröffentlichung Sediment contamination of an urban canal - a case study approach for an integrated assessment of organic sediment contamination(2021) Frische, Kerstin; Ricking, Mathias; Schwarzbauer, JanPurpose The pesticide DDT and its metabolites represent a contamination risk for the aquatic environment, especially the polar metabolite DDA. The study provides a quantitative assessment of long-term pollution risks from sedimentary DDT residues with a special focus on DDA. It presents an overview of the contamination range of different DDX compounds in the sediments of a canal in Berlin (Germany), resulting from a former industrial point source that has implications for drinking water resources in the nearby area. The comprehensive analysis scheme provides information on free accessible and potentially metabolized precursors also in the non-extractable residues. This allows a quantitative assessment of the DDA pollution potential derived from the sedimentary DDT residues. Materials and methods The area was investigated for fine-grained sediment by means of a geo-electric mapping. Twelve sediment cores were taken in four areas (three in each section). A wider range of precursor metabolites has been included due to their transformation potential to the polar metabolite DDA. The sediments were analysed quantitatively for extractable and easily releasable fractions by application of a variety of degradation techniques as well as a dispersion extraction procedure on the sediment samples. These extracts were fractionated and subsequently analysed by GC-MS. Results and discussion Concentrations were obtained for extractable and bound metabolites. Different scenarios for the calculation of the amount of contaminated sediment are displayed as a tool for contamination assessment. The formation potential of DDA as the water-soluble metabolite is presented. Several precursor metabolites, e.g. DDD and DDMS, extractable from the sediment organic matter, revealed a high potential for a long-term formation of DDA, especially in the easily releasable fraction (via hydrolysis) with a mean concentration of up to 11,000 (micro)g g-1 dry sediment. The resulting DDA contamination potential represents a significant pollution risk for the groundwater from a downstream waterworks area and by remobilisation into the whole ecosystem and adjacent rivers. Conclusions The application of the presented methods provides a tool for a quantitative assessment of the long-term release potential of DDA under different scenarios by a comprehensive analysis of contaminated sediments (and soils). This approach can be transferred to pollutants that are also characterized by a complex metabolism accompanied by bound residue formation. © The Author(s) 2020Veröffentlichung Formation and fate of point-source nonextractable DDT-related compounds on their environmental aquatic-terrestrial pathway(2019) Zhu, Xiaojing; Dsikowitzky, Larissa; Kucher, Sebastian; Ricking, MathiasNonextractable residues (NER) are pollutants incorporated into the matrix of natural solid matter via different binding mechanisms. They can become bioavailable or remobilize during physical-chemical changes of the surrounding conditions and should thus not be neglected in environmental risk assessment. Sediments, soils, and groundwater sludge contaminated with DDXs (DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; and its metabolites) were treated with solvent extraction, sequential chemical degradation, and thermochemolysis to study the fate of NER-DDX along different environmental aquatic-terrestrial pathways. The results showed that DDT and its first degradation products, DDD (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) and DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene), were dominant in the free extractable fraction, whereas DDM (dichlorodiphenylmethane), DBP (dichlorobenzophenone), and DDA (dichlorodiphenylacetic acid) were observed primarily after chemical degradation. The detection of DDA, DDMUBr (bis(p-chlorophenyl)-bromoethylene), DDPU (bis(p-chlorophenyl)-propene) and DDPS (bis(p-chlorophenyl)-propane) after chemical treatments evidenced the covalent bindings between these DDXs and the organic matrix. The identified NER-DDXs were categorized into three groups according to the three-step degradation process of DDT. Their distribution along the different pathways demonstrated significant specificity. Based on the obtained results, a conceptual model of the fate of NER-DDXs on their different environmental aquatic-terrestrial pathways is proposed. This model provides basic knowledge for risk assessment and remediation of both extractable and nonextractable DDT-related contaminations. © 2019 American Chemical SocietyVeröffentlichung Development of a routine screening method for the microplastic mass content in a wastewater treatment plant effluent(2022) Goedecke, Caroline; Eisentraut, Paul; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Altmann, Korinna; Barthel, Anne-Kathrin; Obermaier, Nathan; Braun, Ulrike; Ricking, MathiasAn investigation of microplastic (MP) occurrence in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent with tertiary treatment was carried out. Representative sample volumes of 1 m3 were taken by applying a fractionated filtration method (500, 100, and 50 (micro)m mesh sizes). The detection of MP mass fractions by thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) was achieved without the previously required additional sample pretreatment for the first time. Different types of quantification methods for the evaluation of TED-GC/MS data were tested, and their accuracy and feasibility have been proven for real samples. Polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene were identified in effluent samples. The polymer mass content varied significantly between 5 and 50 mg m-3. A correlation between the MP load and the quantity of suspended matter in the WWTP effluents, particle size distribution, particle type, and operation day (i.e., weekday, season, and capacity) was not found. It can be concluded that a meaningful assessment of WWTPs requires a comprehensive sampling campaign with varying operation conditions. © 2022 The AuthorsVeröffentlichung A promising approach to monitor microplastic masses in composts(2023) Wiesner, Yosri; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Bednarz, Marius; Braun, Ulrike; Ricking, MathiasInputs of plastic impurities into the environment via the application of fertilizers are regulated in Germany and the EU by means of ordinances. Robust and fast analytical methods are the basis of legal regulations. Currently, only macro- and large microplastic contents (>1 mm) are measured. Microplastics, are not yet monitored. Thermal analytical methods are suitable for this purpose, which can determine the mass content and can also be operated fully automatically in routine mode. Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) allows the identification of polymers and the determination of mass contents in solid samples from natural environments. In accordance with the German or European Commission (EC) Fertiliser Ordinance, composting plants should be monitored for microplastic particles with this method in the future. In this context a compost plant was sampled. At the end of the rotting process, the compost was sieved and separated in a coarse (>1 mm) and a fine fraction (<1 mm). The fine fraction was processed using density separation comparing NaCl and NaI as possible salt alternative and screened for microplastic masses by TED-GC/MS with additional validation and quality assurance experiments. With TED-GC/MS total microplastics mass contents of 1.1-3.0 g/mg in finished compost could be detected with polyethylene mainly. What differs much to the total mass of plastics in the coarse fraction with up to 60 ug/mg, which were visually searched, identified via ATR-FTIR and gravimetrically weighted. © 2023 Wiesner, Bednarz, Braun, Bannick, Ricking and Altmann.