Person: Conrad, André
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André
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Veröffentlichung Phthalate metabolites in 24-h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) from 1988 to 2015 and a comparison with US NHANES data from 1999 to 2012(2017) Koch, Holger M.; Apel, Petra; Schütze, Andre; Conrad, André; Pälmke, Claudia; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Brüning, Thomas; Rüther, MariaThe German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) continuously collects 24-h urine samples since theearly 1980s in Germany. In this study we analyzed 300 urine samples from the years 2007 to 2015 for 21phthalate metabolites (representing exposure to 11 parent phthalates) and combined the data with twoprevious retrospective measurement campaigns (1988 to 2003 and 2002 to 2008). The combined datasetcomprised 1162 24-h urine samples spanning the years 1988 to 2015. With this detailed set of humanbiomonitoring data we describe the time course of phthalate exposure in Germany over a time frame of27 years. For the metabolites of the endocrine disrupting phthalates di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP),di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP) we observed a roughly ten-fold decline inmedian metabolite levels from their peak levels in the late 1980s/early 1990s compared to most recentlevels from 2015. Probably, bans (first enacted in 1999) and classifications/labelings (enacted in 2001 and2004) in the European Union lead to this drop. A decline in di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP) metabolite levelsset in only quite recently, possibly due to its later classification as a reproductive toxicant in the EU in 2009.In a considerable number of samples collected before 2002 health based guidance values (BE, HBM I) havebeen exceeded for DnBP (27.2%) and DEHP (2.3%) but also in recent samples some individual exceedancescan still be observed (DEHP 1.0%). A decrease in concentration for all low molecular weight phthalates,labelled or not, was seen in the most recent years of sampling. For the high molecular weight phthalates,DEHP seems to have been substituted in part by di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), but DiNP metabolite levelshave also been declining in the last years. Probably, non-phthalate alternatives increasingly take overfor the phthalates in Germany. A comparison with NHANES (National Health and Nutrition ExaminationSurvey) data from the United States covering the years 1999 to 2012 revealed both similarities anddifferences in phthalate exposure between Germany and the US. Exposure to critical phthalates hasdecreased in both countries with metabolite levels more and more aligning with each other, but highmolecular weight phthalates substituting DEHP (such as DiNP) seem to become more important in theUS than in Germany.
© 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reservedVeröffentlichung Data for Policy - Human biomonitoring's contribution to evidence-informed environmental health policy-making(North Carolina, 2017) Conrad, André; Rucic, Enrico; Schulz, Christine; Schwedler, Gerda; Rüther, Maria; Apel, Petra; Schmied-Tobies, Maria Irene Hilde; Weber, Till; Kolossa-Gehring, MarikeVeröffentlichung Wokrshop "Umwelt und Gesundheit: Herausforderungen für die Risikokommunikation"(2018) Conrad, André; Steinkühler, NadjaVeröffentlichung 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole in urine of children and adolescents in Germany - Human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V)(2020) Conrad, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Murawski, Aline; Rucic, Enrico; Schmied-Tobies, Maria Irene Hilde; Schwedler, Gerda2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) is widely used as a vulcanisation accelerator and is contained in many products made from natural rubber, e.g. car tires. Additionally, it is used as a fungicide in paint or fibre. Systemically human exposure to 2-MBT can occur via dermal and oral uptake or inhalation. Locally, 2-MBT can cause skin sensitisation. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified 2-MBT as probably carcinogenic to humans. 516 urine samples of 3- to 17-year-old children and adolescents living in Germany were analysed for the concentration of 2-MBT in the population representative German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V). 2-MBT was quantified above the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.0 my g/L in 50% of the 516 samples analysed. The geometric mean of urinary 2-MBT concentration was 1.018 my g/L and 0.892 my g/gcreatinine, the arithmetic mean was 1.576 my g/L (1.351 myg/gcrea). The median concentration was below the LOQ. Analyses of subgroups revealed higher 2-MBT concentrations in children aged 3-5 years compared to 14- to 17-year-old adolescents. All urinary 2-MBT concentrations were well below the health-based guidance value HBM-I for children of 4.5 my g/L. Therefore, current exposure levels are - according to current knowledge - not of concern. For the first time, reference values can be derived for 2-MBT for children and adolescents in Germany. This will facilitate to recognise changing exposure levels in this population group in Germany and identification of unusually high exposures. © 2020 The Authors.Veröffentlichung Bericht zum Workshop "Ungleichheiten im umweltbezogenen Gesundheitsschutz und in der Gesundheitsförderung" und Launch des WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health Inequalities(2020) Conrad, André; Bolte, Gabriele; Steinkühler, NadjaVerlässliches Wissen über Ungleichheiten in der Bevölkerung ist wichtig, um umweltbedingte Gesundheitsrisiken gezielt reduzieren und passgenaue Maßnahmen zur Gesundheitsförderung entwickeln zu können. In einem Workshop, in dem auch der Launch des WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health Inequalities stattfand, diskutierten im Oktober 2019 Fachleute aktuelle Fragen zu diesem Thema. Eine interdisziplinäre Untersuchung von Ungleichheitseffekten und eine systematische Auswertung vorhandener Daten wurden in der Abschlussdiskussion als geeignete Schritte für die weitere Bearbeitung von Ungleichheiten im Bereich "Umwelt und Gesundheit" identifiziert. Quelle: UMID : Umwelt und Mensch - Informationsdienst ; Umwelt & Gesundheit, Umweltmedizin, Verbraucherschutz / Boden- und Lufthygiene (Berlin) Institut für Wasser- - (2020), Heft 1, Seite 23Veröffentlichung Social inequalities in the association between social infrastructure and mental health(2022) Stahlmann, Katharina; Mena, Emily; Conrad, André; Kuhnert, Ronny; Bolte, GabrieleThe mental health (MH) of especially children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status (SES) benefits from access to greenspaces. This study aimed at investigating social inequalities in the association between several types of social infrastructure (SI) and MH in children and adolescents. The sample comprised 12,624 children and adolescents of the KiGGS Wave 2 study (2014-2017). KiGGS provided information on SI (access to playgrounds, sports fields, swimming pools, parks) for all children and the environmental module (GerES V) within KiGGS on the walking time to SI for a subsample. Social inequality was measured by parental SES and the German Index of Socioeconomic deprivation and MH by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that access to fewer SI places was associated with higher odds of MH problems. Children and adolescents experiencing high (but not medium or low) socioeconomic deprivation at the municipal level were more likely to have MH problems when having less access to SI places. At the individual level, MH problems in high- and low-SES, but not medium-SES children and adolescents were associated with no access to SI places. Children and adolescents from high socioeconomically deprived areas and with low and high SES might benefit from high-availability SI. Quelle: www.mdpi.comVeröffentlichung The exposure of German children and young adults to chemicals of concern(2013) Apel, Petra; Conrad, André; Fiddicke, Ulrike; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Schulz, Christine; Seiwert, MargareteVeröffentlichung Human biomonitoring reference values: Differences and similarities between approaches for identifying unusually high exposure of pollutants in humans(2019) Apel, Petra; Conrad, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Rucic, Enrico; Vogel, NinaIn exposure and risk assessment, the indication of unusually high exposure levels in humans to chemicals has been considered as an important objective for decades. To realize this objective, reference values (RV) need to be derived. However, while there is a tendency towards using the 95th percentile as a basis for deriving these reference values there is still no consensus. Moreover, side approaches have evolved including deriving RVs based on other percentiles, reporting multiple RVs or only reporting percentiles. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the current literature, to point out differences and similarities between existing approaches, and to highlight important criteria for the derivation of RVs. We observe the majority of studies to base RVs on the 95th percentile and its 95% confidence interval which can been justified by statistical paradigms, present arguments for a single defined reference value, and discuss characteristics which call for more consistency. To conclude, our overview provides a first step towards a more homogenous and standardized derivation procedure to identify unusually high exposures in exposure science. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.Veröffentlichung Indoor VOCs, aldehydes and particle measurements in the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents (GerES), 2014-2017(2019) Bethke, Robert; Birmili, Wolfram; Brenske, Klaus-Reinhard; Conrad, André; Daniels, Anja; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Kura, Jürgen; Miethig, Stefan; Neumann, Konrad; Niemeyer, Thomas; Pietsch, Axel; Rucic, Enrico; Schechner, NadineVeröffentlichung Long-lasting Legacies: Organochlorine Compounds in Children and Adolescents - Results of the German Environmental Survey (GerES 2014-2017)(2019) Conrad, André; Rucic, Enrico; Murawski, Aline; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Bandow, Nicole; Sawal, George