Person: Selinka, Hans-Christoph
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Veröffentlichung Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistances in the Environment(2018) Adler, Nicole; Balzer, Frederike; Blondzik, Katrin; Brauer, Frank; Chorus, Ingrid; Ebert, Ina; Fiedler, Traute; Förster, Christina; Heidemeier, Joachim; Grummt, Tamara; Hein, Arne; Helmecke, Manuela; Hilliges, Falk; Kirst, Ingo; Konradi, Sabine; Klasen, Jutta; Küster, Anette; Krause, Bernd; Pirntke, Ulrike; Roskosch, Andrea; Schönfeld, Jens; Selinka, Hans-Christoph; Straff, Wolfgang; Szewzyk, Regine; Westphal-Settele, Kathi; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtEnvironmental aspects have so far only partially been addressed in the discussion of antimicrobial resistance. To bring this issue into focus, UBA compiled background information and data on the topic 'Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in the environment'. The results show that previously considered requirements for reduction, from the perspective of UBA, are insufficient to adequately protect health and the environment. UBA sees urgent need for improvement and proposes possible options for action.Veröffentlichung Impact of climate change on waterborne infections and intoxications(2023) Dupke, Susann; Buchholz, Udo; Fastner, Jutta; Förster, Christina; Selinka, Hans-ChristophProgressive climate change holds the potential for increasing human health risks from waterborne infections and intoxications, e. g. through an increase in pathogen concentrations in water bodies, through the establishment of new pathogens or through possible changes in pathogen properties. This paper presents some examples of potential impacts of climate change in Germany. Non-cholera Vibrio occur naturally in seawater, but can proliferate significantly in shallow water at elevated temperatures. In the case of Legionella, climate change could lead to temporary or longer-term increased incidences of legionellosis due to the combination of warm and wet weather. Higher temperatures in piped cold water or lower temperatures in piped hot water may also create conditions conducive to higher Legionella concentrations. In nutrient- rich water bodies, increased concentrations of toxigenic cyanobacteria may occur as temperatures rise. Heavy rainfall following storms or prolonged periods of heat and drought can lead to increased levels of human pathogenic viruses being washed into water bodies. Rising temperatures also pose a potential threat to human health through pathogens causing mycoses and facultatively pathogenic micro-organisms: increased infection rates with non-tuberculous mycobacteria or fungi have been documented after extreme weather events. Quelle: Dupke S, Buchholz U, Fastner J, Förster C, Frank C et al. (2023): Impact of climate change on waterborne infections and intoxications. J Health Monit 8(S3): page 62Veröffentlichung Detection and characterization of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in wastewater and urban surface waters in Germany(2020) Beyer, Sophia; Gnirrs, Regina; Selinka, Hans-Christoph; Szewzyk, RegineIn highly populated areas, environmental surveillance of wastewater and surface waters is a key factor to control the circulation of viruses and risks for public health. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is considered as an emerging pathogen in industrialized countries. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HEV in environmental waters in urban and suburban regions in Germany. HEV was monitored in water samples using quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) and nested RT-PCR without or with virus concentration via polyethylene glycol precipitation or ultracentrifugation. By RT-qPCR, 84-100% of influent samples of wastewater treatment plants were positive for HEV RNA. Genotypes HEV-3c and 3f were identified in wastewater, with HEV-3c being the most prevalent genotype. These data correlate with subtypes identified earlier in patients from the same area. Comparison of wastewater influent and effluent samples revealed a reduction of HEV RNA of about 1 log10 during passage through wastewater treatment plants. In addition, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) after heavy rainfalls were shown to release HEV RNA into surface waters. About 75% of urban river samples taken during these CSO events were positive for HEV RNA by RT-qPCR. In contrast, under normal weather conditions, only around 30% of river samples and 15% of samples from a bathing water located at an urban river were positive for HEV. Median concentrations of HEV RNA of all tested samples at this bathing water were below the limit of detection. Source: https://link.springer.comVeröffentlichung Exploring surface water as a transmission medium of avian influenza viruses - systematic infection studies in mallards(2022) Ahrens, Ann Kathrin; Mettenleiter, Thomas C.; Selinka, Hans-ChristophMallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are an abundant anseriform migratory wild bird species worldwide and an important reservoir for the maintenance of low pathogenicity (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIV). They have also been implicated in the spread of high pathogenicity (HP) AIV after spill-over events from HPAIV-infected poultry. The spread of HPAIV within wild water bird populations may lead to viral contamination of natural habitats. The role of small shallow water bodies as a transmission medium of AIV among mallards is investigated here in three experimental settings. (i) Delayed onset but rapid progression of infection seeded by two mallards inoculated with either LP or HP AIV to each eight sentinel mallards was observed in groups with access to a small 100 L water pool. In contrast, groups with a bell drinker as the sole source of drinking water showed a rapid onset but lengthened course of infection. (ii) HPAIV infection also set off when virus was dispersed in the water pool; titres as low as 102 TCID50 L-1 (translating to 0.1 TCID50 mL-1) proved to be sufficient. (iii) Substantial loads of viral RNA (and infectivity) were also found on the surface of the birds' breast plumage. "Unloading" of virus infectivity from contaminated plumage into water bodies may be an efficient mechanism of virus spread by infected mallards. However, transposure of HPAIV via the plumage of an uninfected mallard failed. We conclude, surface water in small shallow water bodies may play an important role as a mediator of AIV infection of aquatic wild birds. © 2022 The Author(s)Veröffentlichung A new approach to testing the efficacy of drinking water disinfectants(2018) Frohnert, Anne; Grunert, Andreas; Selinka, Hans-Christoph; Szewzyk, RegineNew disinfection procedures are being developed and proposed for use in drinking-water production. Authorising their use requires an effective test strategy that can simulate conditions in practice. For this purpose, we developed a test rig working in a flow-through mode similar to the disinfection procedures in waterworks, but under tightly defined conditions, including very short contact times. To quantify the influence of DOC, temperature and pH on the efficacy of two standard disinfectants, chlorine and chlorine dioxide, simulated use tests were systematically performed. This test rig enabled quantitative comparison of the reduction of four test organisms, two viruses and two bacteria, in response to disinfection. Chlorine was substantially more effective against Enterococcus faecium than chlorine dioxide whereas the latter was more effective against the bacteriophage MS2, especially at pH values of >7.5 at which chlorine efficacies already decline. Contrary to expectation, bacteria were not generally reduced more quickly than viruses. Overall, the results confirm a high efficacy of chlorine and chlorine dioxide, validating them as standard disinfectants for assessing the efficacy of new disinfectants. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that the test rig is an appropriate tool for testing new disinfectants as well as disinfection procedures.Veröffentlichung Picorna-like viruses of the Havel River, Germany(2022) Zell, Roland; Groth, Marco; Selinka, Hans-Christoph; Selinka, LukasTo improve the understanding of the virome diversity of riverine ecosystems in metropolitan areas, a metagenome analysis was performed with water collected in June 2018 from the river Havel in Berlin, Germany. After enrichment of virus particles and RNA extraction, paired-end Illumina sequencing was conducted and assignment to virus groups and families was performed. This paper focuses on picorna-like viruses, the most diverse and abundant group of viruses with impact on human, animal, and environmental health. Here, we describe altogether 166 viral sequences ranging in size from 1 to 11.5†kb. The 71 almost complete genomes are comprised of one candidate iflavirus, one picornavirus, two polycipiviruses, 27 marnaviruses, 27 dicistro-like viruses, and 13 untypeable viruses. Many partial picorna-like virus sequences up to 10.2†kb were also investigated. The sequences of the Havel picorna-like viruses represent genomes of seven of eight so far known Picornavirales families. Detection of numerous distantly related dicistroviruses suggests the existence of additional, yet unexplored virus groups with dicistronic genomes, including few viruses with unusual genome layout. Of special interest is a clade of dicistronic viruses with capsid protein-encoding sequences at the 5'-end of the genome. Also, monocistronic viruses with similarity of their polymerase and capsid proteins to those of dicistroviruses are interesting. A second protein with NTP-binding site present in the polyprotein of solinviviruses and related viruses needs further attention. The results underline the importance to study the viromes of fluvial ecosystems. So far acknowledged marnaviruses have been isolated from marine organisms. However, the present study and available sequence data suggest that rivers and limnic habitats are relevant ecosystems with circulation of marnaviruses as well as a plethora of unknown picorna-like viruses. © 2022 Zell, Groth, Selinka and SelinkaVeröffentlichung Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf wasserbürtige Infektionen und Intoxikationen(2023) Dupke, Susann; Buchholz, Udo; Fastner, Jutta; Förster, Christina; Selinka, Hans-ChristophDer fortschreitende Klimawandel birgt das Potenzial für eine zunehmende menschliche Gesundheitsgefährdung durch wasserbürtige Infektionen und Intoxikationen, z. B. durch eine Erhöhung von Pathogenkonzentrationen in Gewässern, durch die Ansiedlung neuer Pathogene oder durch mögliche Veränderungen von Erregereigenschaften. Dieser Beitrag stellt exemplarisch einige Beispiele für mögliche Auswirkungen des Klimawandels dar. Nicht-Cholera-Vibrionen kommen natürlicherweise im Meerwasser vor, können sich aber in flachem Wasser bei erhöhter Temperatur erheblich vermehren. Im Falle von Legionellen könnten die Klimaveränderungen durch das Zusammenwirken von warmem und feuchtem Wetter zu temporären oder längerfristig erhöhten Legionellose-Inzidenzen führen. Auch könnten durch wärmeres Kaltwasser oder Senkungen der Temperatur des Warmwassers Bedingungen entstehen, die höheren Legionellenkonzentrationen Vorschub leisten. In nährstoffreichen Gewässern kann es bei Temperatursteigerung zu erhöhten Konzentrationen an toxigenen Cyanobakterien kommen. Durch Starkregenfälle nach Stürmen oder längeren Hitzeperioden mit Trockenheit können humanpathogene Viren vermehrt in Gewässer eingeschwemmt werden. Und auch bei Erregern von Mykosen und fakultativ pathogenen Mikroorganismen besteht bei steigenden Temperaturen eine mögliche Gefährdung für die menschliche Gesundheit. So wurden nach Extremwetterereignissen bereits erhöhte Infektionsraten mit nicht-tuberkulösen Mykobakterien oder Pilzen dokumentiert. Quelle: Dupke S, Buchholz U, Fastner J, Förster C, Frank C et al. (2023): Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf wasserbürtigeInfektionen und Intoxikationen. J Health Monit 8(S3): Seite 67Veröffentlichung Hepeliviruses in two waterbodies in Berlin, Germany(2022) Zell, Roland; Groth, Marco; Selinka, Hans-Christoph; Selinka, LukasThe order Hepelivirales comprises RNA viruses of four families (Alphatetraviridae, Benyviridae, Hepeviridae, and Matonaviridae). Sequencing of virus genomes from water samples from the Havel River and the Teltow Canal (Teltowkanal) in Berlin, Germany, revealed 25 almost complete and 68 partial genomes of viruses presumably belonging to the order Hepelivirales. Only one of these viruses exhibited a relationship to a known member of this order. The members of one virus clade have a polymerase with a permuted order of the conserved palm subdomain motifs resembling the polymerases of permutotetraviruses and birnaviruses. Overall, our study further demonstrates the diversity of hepeliviruses and indicates the enzootic prevalence of hepeliviruses in unknown hosts. © 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AGVeröffentlichung Überwachung der Pandemieviren SARS-CoV-2 über Abwasseranalysen(2021) Selinka, Hans-ChristophWie die COVID-19-Pandemie 2019/2020/2021 zeigt, können durch die Globalisierung jederzeit Pathogene, in diesem Fall das neue SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), in Deutschland eingeschleppt und zu einer ernsten Gefahr für die Öffentliche Gesundheit werden. Das SARS-CoV-2 wird hauptsächlich über die Luft durch Tröpfchen und Aerosole sowie durch kontaminierte Oberflächen übertragen. Infizierte Personen scheiden das Virus und Abbauprodukte der Viren aber auch über den Stuhl aus. Mit Hilfe molekularbiologischer Analysen können diese Bestandteile im Abwasser nachgewiesen werden. Abwasseruntersuchungen auf SARS-CoV-2 können daher hilfreiche Informationen über den aktuellen Infektionszustand der Population geben, von der das Abwasser stammt und in Kombination mit der klinischen Diagnostik zur zeitnahen Planung und Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zum Infektionsschutz beitragen. Quelle: UMID : Umwelt und Mensch - Informationsdienst ; Umwelt & Gesundheit, Umweltmedizin, Verbraucherschutz / Boden- und Lufthygiene (Berlin) Institut für Wasser- - 1 (2021), 61Veröffentlichung Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf wasserbürtige Infektionen und Intoxikationen(2023) Dupke, Susann; Buchholz, Udo; Fastner, Jutta; Förster, Christina; Selinka, Hans-Christoph