Person: Birmili, Wolfram
Lade...
E-Mail-Adresse
Geburtsdatum
1969
Forschungsvorhaben
Organisationseinheiten
Berufsbeschreibung
Nachname
Birmili
Vorname
Wolfram
Name
39 Ergebnisse
Suchergebnisse
Gerade angezeigt 1 - 10 von 39
Veröffentlichung Ultrafeine Partikel(2018) Birmili, WolframVeröffentlichung Vorkommen und Quellen ultrafeiner Partikel im Innenraum und in der Außenluft - aktueller Kenntnisstand(2020) Birmili, Wolfram; Daniels, Anja; Hoffmann, Stephan; Kura, Jürgen; Niemeyer, Thomas; Pietsch, AxelUltrafeine Partikel (UFP) sind als Partikel mit einem Durchmesser kleiner als 100 Nanometer definiert. Aufgrund ihrer toxikologischen Eigenschaften stellen sie ein ungebrochen aktuelles Thema in der Luftreinhaltung dar. Diese Arbeit stellt die wichtigsten Grundlagen zu UFP in der Umwelt zusammen und schafft einen Überblick über Messtechniken und vorhandene Messdaten. Hierbei liegen die Schwerpunkte auf der Innenraumluft und der Außenluft. Inzwischen stehen eine Reihe standardisierter Messverfahren für UFP zur Verfügung. Zukünftige messtechnische Entwicklungen sind jedoch notwendig, um mehr personenbezogene bzw. flächenhafte Daten von UFP zu gewinnen. Mit dem German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) besteht seit 2009 ein kooperatives Messnetz für die Außenluft, aus dem Mittelwerte, räumliche Schwankungen und zeitliche Trends für UFP abgeleitet werden konnten. Für den Innenraum werden Ergebnisse aus zwei neuen Studien vorgestellt: Die Innenraum-/Außenluftstudie des Instituts für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), sowie die Deutsche Umweltstudie zur Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen (GerES V). Aus beiden Studien wird klar, dass auch die Partikelanzahlkonzentration im Innenraum großen Schwankungen unterliegen kann, und dass Innenraumquellen, wie Feuerquellen, Kerzenabbrand, Tabakrauch und Kochaktivitäten, zu erhöhten UFP-Konzentrationen beitragen. Aus zweijährigen Messungen in 40 Wohnungen konnten jedoch keine Anzeichen abgeleitet werden, dass die UFP-Belastung im Innenraum systematisch höher wäre als in der Außenluft. Generell fehlt es momentan an einer belastbaren Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung für UFP sowohl im Innenraum als auch in der Außenluft. Daraus ergibt sich für die kommenden Jahre der Auftrag an die Wissenschaft, gezielte Studien zur Erforschung der gesundheitlichen Wirkungen von UFP aus der Umwelt durchzuführen. Quelle: Vorkommen und Quellen ultrafeiner Partikel im Innenraum und in der Außenluft - aktueller Kenntnisstand / W. Birmili [und neun weitere]. - 1 Onlineressource (Seiten 33-43). In: Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft / Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit. - 80 (2020), Heft 1-2, Seite 33Veröffentlichung Aerosol pollution maps and trends over Germany with hourly data at four rural background stations from 2009 to 2018(2020) Heintzenberg, Jost; Birmili, Wolfram; Hellack, BryanA total of 10 years of hourly aerosol and gas data at four rural German stations have been combined with hourly back trajectories to the stations and inventories of the European Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), yielding pollution maps over Germany of PM10, particle number concentrations, and equivalent black carbon (eBC). The maps reflect aerosol emissions modified with atmospheric processes during transport between sources and receptor sites. Compared to emission maps, strong western European emission centers do not dominate the downwind concentrations because their emissions are reduced by atmospheric processes on the way to the receptor area. PM10, eBC, and to some extent also particle number concentrations are rather controlled by emissions from southeastern Europe from which pollution transport often occurs under drier conditions. Newly formed particles are found in air masses from a broad sector reaching from southern Germany to western Europe, which we explain with gaseous particle precursors coming with little wet scavenging from this region. Annual emissions for 2009 of PM10, BC, SO2, and NOx were accumulated along each trajectory and compared with the corresponding measured time series. The agreement of each pair of time series was optimized by varying monthly factors and annual factors on the 2009 emissions. This approach yielded broader summer emission minima than published values that were partly displaced from the midsummer positions. The validity of connecting the ambient concentration and emission of particulate pollution was tested by calculating temporal changes in eBC for subsets of back trajectories passing over two separate prominent emission regions, region A to the northwest and B to the southeast of the measuring stations. Consistent with reported emission data the calculated emission decreases over region A are significantly stronger than over region B. © Author(s) 2020.Veröffentlichung Effect of Prudhoe Bay emissions on atmospheric aerosol growth events observed in Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska(2017) Kolesar, Katheryn R.; Birmili, Wolfram; Cellini, Jillian; Peterson, Peter K.Veröffentlichung Der Wissensstand über UFP - wie das UBA die Öffentlichkeit informiert(2018) Birmili, Wolfram; Straff, Wolfgang; Plaß, Dietrich; Wirtz, Klaus; Gerwig, HolgerVeröffentlichung Long-term trends of black carbon and particle number concentration in the lower free troposphere in Central Europe(2021) Sun, Jia; Birmili, Wolfram; Hermann, Markus; Yuan, YeBackground The implementation of emission mitigation policies in Europe over the last two decades has generally improved the air quality, which resulted in lower aerosol particle mass, particle number, and black carbon mass concentration. However, little is known whether the decreasing particle concentrations at a lower-altitude level can be observed in the free troposphere (FT), an important layer of the atmosphere, where aerosol particles have a longer lifetime and may affect climate dynamics. In this study, we used data from two high-Alpine observatories, Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus (ZSF) and Jungfraujoch (JFJ), to assess the long-term trends on size-resolved particle number concentrations (PNCs) and equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentration separated for undisturbed lower FT conditions and under the influence of air from the planetary boundary layer (PBL) from 2009 to 2018. Results The FT and PBL-influenced conditions were segregated for both sites. We found that the FT conditions in cold months were more prevalent than in warm months, while the measured aerosol parameters showed different seasonal patterns for the FT and PBL-influenced conditions. The pollutants in the PBL-influenced condition have a higher chance to be transported to high-altitudes due to the mountainous topography, leading to a higher concentration and more distinct seasonal variation, and vice versa. The long-term trends of the measured aerosol parameters were evaluated and the decreased aerosol concentrations were observed for both FT and PBL-influenced conditions. The observed decreasing trends in eBC concentration in the PBL-influenced condition are well consistent with the reported trends in total BC emission in Germany and Switzerland. The decreased concentrations in the FT condition suggest that the background aerosol concentration in the lower FT over Central Europe has correspondingly decreased. The change of back trajectories in the FT condition at ZSF and JFJ was further evaluated to investigate the other possible drivers for the decreasing trends. Conclusions The background aerosol concentration in the lower FT over Central Europe has significantly decreased during 2009-2018. The implementation of emission mitigation policies is the most decisive factor and the decrease of the regional airmass occurrence over Central Europe also has contributed to the decreasing trends. © 2021, The Author(s)Veröffentlichung Aerosol particle mixing state, refractory particle number size distributions and emission factors in a polluted urban environment(2017) Kecorius, Simonas; Birmili, Wolfram; Madueno, Leizel; Vallar, EdgarVeröffentlichung Ultrafine Particles Pollution and Measurements(2016) Kumar, P.; Birmili, Wolfram; Wiedensohler, A.; Quincey, P.; Hallquist, M.Veröffentlichung Diverging trends of plasticizers (phthalates and non-phthalates) in indoor and freshwater environments - why?(2022) Birmili, Wolfram; Koschorreck, Jan; Nagorka, Regine; Schulze, JonaBackground European chemicals management aims to protect human health and the environment from legacy and emerging contaminants. The plasticizer market changed in response to the restriction of low molecular weight (LMW) phthalate plasticizers such as Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) due to their hazardous properties. We investigated patterns and trends of 19 regulated and emerging plasticizers in house dust from German homes and in suspended particulate matter (SPM) from major German rivers. The samples were used from the mid-2000s and late 2010s from two governmental long-term monitoring programs in Germany. Results While the sum of the respective plasticizer levels hardly changed over the study period, we observed a significant decrease of LMW phthalates in both house dust (2003/06, 80% of the (Sigma)plasticizer concentration; 2014/17, 31%) and SPM (2005, 48%; 2017, 28%). This was accompanied by their substitution with high molecular weight (HMW) phthalates and non-phthalates. HMW phthalates increased from 19% of the (Sigma)plasticizer concentration to 46% between the mid-2000s and the late 2010s in house dust, and from 50% to 63% in SPM samples. Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) replaced DEHP as the dominant plasticizer in both compartments. A significant tenfold increase (p<0.05) was observed in SPM samples for Di (2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP) (1-13%), compared to low levels in house dust (2014/17, 1%). Non-phthalates increased to 23% of the (Sigma)plasticizer concentration in house dust but only to 9% in SPM (mid-2000s: house dust,<1%; SPM, 1.5%). In recent house dust samples, Di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) had the third highest concentration of all plasticizers and contributed 18% to the total load, whereas Tris (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) was one of the major non-phthalates in SPM samples. Conclusions Unlike in the indoor environment, the substitution of LMW phthalates in the aquatic environment was characterized by a significant shift towards plasticizers with potentially hazardous properties. DPHP and TOTM were identified by European chemical regulation as potentially endocrine disrupting compounds and persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic compounds. Our data document the need for integrated chemicals management to safeguard the transition to a non-toxic environment. © The Author(s) 2022Veröffentlichung Low-cost sensors and indoor air quality: A test study in three residential homes in Berlin, Germany(2019) Krause, Anika; Birmili, Wolfram; Zhao, Jianyue