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Koschorreck, Jan

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Koschorreck
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Jan
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2021 - 20222
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Autor:in: Göckener, Bernd × Thema: Bundesrepublik Deutschland ×

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  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
    Exploring unknown per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the German environment - The total oxidizable precursor assay as helpful tool in research and regulation
    (2021) Göckener, Bernd; Fettig, Ina; Fliedner, Annette; Rüdel, Heinz; Koschorreck, Jan
    Limnetic, marine and soil samples of the German environmental specimen bank (ESB) were analyzed for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) using target analysis and a modified total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay (direct TOP assay (dTOP)) that works without prior extraction. Target analysis determined (Sigma)PFAS concentrations in bream livers of 8.7-282 (my)g kg-1 wet weight (ww) in 2019, with highest contaminations in the Rhine and lower Elbe. In bream fillet, concentrations were lower (<0.5-10.6 (my)g kg-1 (Sigma)PFAS). Contamination of suspended particulate matter (SPM) was highest in the upper Elbe downstream the Czech border (5.5 (my)g kg-1 dry weight (dw) in 2018). Herring gull eggs from the North and Baltic Seas showed (Sigma)PFAS levels around 53.0-69.6 (my)g kg-1 ww in 2019. In soil, concentrations ranged between <0.5 and 4.6 (my)g kg-1 dw with highest levels in the Dueben Heath near Leipzig and the low mountain range Solling. PFOS dominated in most samples. Of the targeted precursors, only FOSA, EtFOSAA, MeFOSAA, 6:2-FtS and 6:2 diPAP were found. Replacement chemicals (ADONA, HFPO-DA, F-53B) were not detected. The dTOP assay revealed that considerable amounts of precursors were present at most riverine sampling sites. Particularly high precursor concentrations were observed in samples from the Upper Elbe at the Czech border and the Upper and Middle Rhine. In herring gull eggs and most soil samples, though, concentrations of precursors were low. Time trend analysis showed decreasing trends for most detected PFAS since 2005. In SPM, however, C4-C6 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids seem to increase indicating growing use of precursors based on shorter fluorinated chains. The results demonstrate that target analysis detects only a minor fraction of the PFAS burdens in environmental samples. The dTOP assay can support risk assessment and chemical monitoring with more comprehensive exposure data of the actual contamination. © 2021 The Author(s).
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Veröffentlichung
    Long-term trends of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in suspended particular matter from German rivers using the direct Total Oxidizable Precursor (dTOP) assay
    (2022) Göckener, Bernd; Badry, Alexander; Fliedner, Annette; Rüdel, Heinz; Koschorreck, Jan
    Suspended particulate matter (SPM) from 13 riverine sampling sites of the German Environmental Specimen Bank collected between 2005 and 2019 was retrospectively investigated for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The samples were analyzed both by target analysis for 41 PFAS and by a modified total oxidizable precursor (dTOP) assay to capture also unknown precursors. Temporal trends and spatial differences were investigated by generalized linear modeling (GLM). Time trend analysis across all rivers showed decreasing trends for (Sigma)PFCA and (Sigma)PFSA concentrations in SPM. Trends based on target analysis ((Sigma)PFCAtarget: -10.0%, (Sigma)PFSAtarget: -8.2%) were more pronounced than in the dTOP analysis ((Sigma)PFCAdTOP: -4.2%; (Sigma)PFSAdTOP: -5.3%), suggesting that conventional target analysis overestimated actual decreases as precursors are not considered. (Sigma)PFAS concentrations determined by dTOP assay were 1.3-145 times higher as compared to target analysis, indicating substantial amounts of unknown precursors in the samples. The (Sigma)PFASdTOP/(Sigma)PFAStarget ratio increased at all sites between 2005 and 2019. Contamination was highest in SPM from the Elbe tributary Mulde downstream of a large industrial park. The results underscore the need to go beyond conventional target analysis and include precursors when assessing PFAS contamination in the environment. The dTOP assay is a suitable tool for this purpose. © 2022, American Chemical Society