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Veröffentlichung HBM4EU from the coordinator's perspective: lessons learnt from managing a large-scale EU project(2023) Hülck, Kathrin; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Gehring, Thomas; Pack, Kim LauraWe discuss some important management issues of the Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) from theperspective of the Coordinator that may be valuable for the design and management of similar projects. As alarge-scale international collaborative project, HBM4EU comprised 118 institutions from 30 countries and theEuropean Environment Agency and had a budget of about âą 74 million. It has set up an innovative cooperativenetwork of national and EU authorities and scientific institutions at the science-policy interface. A project of thisscale raises major management challenges and requires transparent, efficient, and well-organized administrativeand scientific steering structures. We present four major points: First, prior to the beginning of the project, theConsortium Agreement needs to be well elaborated to prevent conflicts during the project lifetime. Second, astrong role for national and EU policy-making authorities in the administrative governance structure enhancesthe interest of recipients of project results. Third, large-scale international collaborative projects need an elab-orate and well-financed scientific governance structure. Fourth, a differentiation of funding rates among projectactivities threatens to create conflicts. HBM4EU provides a prototype for EU funded large-scale projects targetingfuture policies for realizing the Green Deal and Zero Pollution Ambition in the field of chemicals, health, andenvironment. © 2022 The AuthorsVeröffentlichung Time Patterns in Internal Human Exposure Data to Bisphenols, Phthalates, DINCH, Organophosphate Flame Retardants, Cadmium and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Europe(2023) Martin, Laura Rodriguez; Gilles, Liese; Helte, Emilie; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Lange, Rosa; Pack, Kim Laura; Schmidt, Phillipp; Vogel, Nina; Weber, TillHuman biomonitoring (HBM) data in Europe are often fragmented and collected in different EU countries and sampling periods. Exposure levels for children and adult women in Europe were evaluated over time. For the period 2000-2010, literature and aggregated data were collected in a harmonized way across studies. Between 2011-2012, biobanked samples from the DEMOCOPHES project were used. For 2014-2021, HBM data were generated within the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. Time patterns on internal exposure were evaluated visually and statistically using the 50th and 90th percentiles (P50/P90) for phthalates/DINCH and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in children (5-12 years), and cadmium, bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in women (24-52 years). Restricted phthalate metabolites show decreasing patterns for children. Phthalate substitute, DINCH, shows a non-significant increasing pattern. For OPFRs, no trends were statistically significant. For women, BPA shows a clear decreasing pattern, while substitutes BPF and BPS show an increasing pattern coinciding with the BPA restrictions introduced. No clear patterns are observed for PAHs or cadmium. Although the causal relations were not studied as such, exposure levels to chemicals restricted at EU level visually decreased, while the levels for some of their substitutes increased. The results support policy efficacy monitoring and the policy-supportive role played by HBM. © 2023 by the authorsVeröffentlichung The questionnaire design process in the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative(2022) González-Alzaga, Beatriz; Hernández, Antonio F.; Pack, Kim Laura; Kolossa-Gehring, MarikeBackground Designing questionnaires is a key point of epidemiological studies assessing human exposure to chemicals. The lack of validated questionnaires can lead to the use of previously developed and sub-optimally adapted questionnaires, which may result in information biases that affect the studyâ€Ìs validity. On this ground, a multidisciplinary group of researchers developed a series of tools to support data collection within the HBM4EU initiative. The objective of this paper is to share the process of developing HBM4EU questionnaires, as well as to provide researchers with harmonized procedures that could help them to design future questionnaires to assess environmental exposures. Methods In the frame of the work package on survey design and fieldwork of the HBM4EU, researchers carried out procedures necessary for the development of quality questionnaires and related data collection tools. These procedures consisted of a systematic search to identify questionnaires used in previous human biomonitoring (HBM) studies, as well as the development of a checklist and evaluation sheet to assess the questionnaires identified. The results of these evaluations were taken into consideration for the development of the final questionnaires. Results The main points covered by each of the sections included in HBM4EU questionnaires are described and discussed in detail. Additional tools developed for data collection in the HBM4EU (e.g. non-responder questionnaire, satisfaction questionnaire, matrix-specific questionnaire) are also addressed. Special attention is paid to the limitations faced and hurdles overcome during the process of questionnaire development. Conclusions Designing questionnaires for use in HBM studies requires substantial effort by a multidisciplinary team to guarantee that the quality of the information collected meets the studyâ€Ìs objectives. The process of questionnaire development described herein will contribute to improve the harmonization of HBM studies within the social and environmental context of the EU countries. © 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.