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Veröffentlichung Die Wasserrahmenrichtlinie - Gewässer in Deutschland 2021(Umweltbundesamt, 2022) Mönnich, Julian; Arle, Jens; Schnäckel, Anna; Baumgarten, Corinna; Schulte, Christoph; Blondzik, Katrin; Ullrich, Antje; Frauenstein, Jörg; Hilliges, Falk; Hofmeier, Maximilian; Krakau, Manuela; Mohaupt, Volker; Naumann, Stephan; Osiek, Dirk; Rechenberg, Jörg; Richter, Niels; Völker, Jeanette; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtDie Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL) fordert den umfassenden Schutz des oberirdischen und unterirdischen Wassers. Die zehn Flussgebietsgemeinschaften Deutschlands stellen dazu alle sechs Jahre Bewirtschaftungspläne und Maßnahmenprogramme auf. Das Umweltbundesamt und das Bundesumweltministerium haben diese Berichte für Deutschland ausgewertet und stellen die Ergebnisse in dieser gemeinsamen Broschüre vor. Sie erfahren wie wir Gewässer nutzen, welche Belastungen daraus resultieren und wie sie sich auf die Gewässer auswirken. Sie werden über den aktuellen Zustand der Gewässer informiert und welche Maßnahmen geplant sind, um den Zustand zu verbessern. Quelle: www-umweltbundesamt.deVeröffentlichung A strategy for successful integration of DNA-based methods in aquatic monitoring(2022) Blancher, Philippe; Arle, Jens; Lefrançois, Estelle; Rimet, FrédéricRecent advances in molecular biomonitoring open new horizons for aquatic ecosystem assessment. Rapid and cost-effective methods based on organismal DNA or environmental DNA (eDNA) now offer the opportunity to produce inventories of indicator taxa that can subsequently be used to assess biodiversity and ecological quality. However, the integration of these new DNA-based methods into current monitoring practices is not straightforward, and will require coordinated actions in the coming years at national and international levels. To plan and stimulate such an integration, the European network DNAqua-Net (COST Action CA15219) brought together international experts from academia, as well as key environmental biomonitoring stakeholders from different European countries. Together, this transdisciplinary consortium developed a roadmap for implementing DNA-based methods with a focus on inland waters assessed by the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). This was done through a series of online workshops held in April 2020, which included fifty participants, followed by extensive synthesis work. The roadmap is organised around six objectives: 1) to highlight the effectiveness and benefits of DNA-based methods, 2) develop an adaptive approach for the implementation of new methods, 3) provide guidelines and standards for best practice, 4) engage stakeholders and ensure effective knowledge transfer, 5) support the environmental biomonitoring sector to achieve the required changes, 6) steer the process and harmonise efforts at the European level. This paper provides an overview of the forum discussions and the common European views that have emerged from them, while reflecting the diversity of situations in different countries. It highlights important actions required for a successful implementation of DNA-based biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems by 2030. Copyright Philippe Blancher et al.Veröffentlichung Trends and patterns in surface water chemistry in Europe and North America between 1990 and 2016, with particular focus on changes in land use as a confounding factor for recovery(2020) Garmo, Øyvind Aaberg; Arle, Jens; Kaste, Øyvind; Norsk Institutt for VannforskningThe report presents trends in sulphate, nitrate, chloride, base cations, ANC (acid neutralising capacity), pH and DOC at circa 500 ICP Waters sites in Europe and North America for the period 1990-2016. Time series were analysed for trends in annual median values, annual extreme values and change points, that indicate years with sudden changes in trend or level. Also provided is a brief overview of possible implications of land use change for recovery of acidified surface waters. © Norsk institutt for vannforskning/Norwegian Institute for Water ResearchVeröffentlichung Beyond fish eDNA metabarcoding: Field replicates disproportionately improve the detection of stream associated vertebrate species(2021) Macher, Till-Hendrik; Arle, Jens; Schütz, Robin; Koschorreck, JanFast, reliable, and comprehensive biodiversity monitoring data are needed for environmental decision making and management. Recent work on fish environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding shows that aquatic diversity can be captured fast, reliably, and non-invasively at moderate costs. Because water in a catchment flows to the lowest point in the landscape, often a stream, it can collect traces of terrestrial species via surface or subsurface runoff along its way or when specimens come into direct contact with water (e.g., when drinking). Thus, fish eDNA metabarcoding data can provide information on fish but also on other vertebrate species that live in riparian habitats. This additional data may offer a much more comprehensive approach for assessing vertebrate diversity at no additional costs. Studies on how the sampling strategy affects species detection especially of stream-associated communities, however, are scarce. We therefore performed an analysis on the effects of biological replication on both fish as well as (semi-)terrestrial species detection. Along a 2 km stretch of the river Mulde (Germany), we collected 18 1-L water samples and analyzed the relation of detected species richness and quantity of biological replicates taken. We detected 58 vertebrate species, of which 25 were fish and lamprey, 18 mammals, and 15 birds, which account for 50%, 22.2%, and 7.4% of all native species to the German federal state of Saxony-Anhalt. However, while increasing the number of biological replicates resulted in only 24.8% more detected fish and lamprey species, mammal, and bird species richness increased disproportionately by 68.9% and 77.3%, respectively. Contrary, PCR replicates showed little stochasticity. We thus emphasize to increase the number of biological replicates when the aim is to improve general species detections. This holds especially true when the focus is on rare aquatic taxa or on (semi-)terrestrial species, the so-called 'bycatch'. As a clear advantage, this information can be obtained without any additional sampling or laboratory effort when the sampling strategy is chosen carefully. With the increased use of eDNA metabarcoding as part of national fish bioassessment and monitoring programs, the complimentary information provided on bycatch can be used for biodiversity monitoring and conservation on a much broader scale. © 2021 Author(s)Veröffentlichung Environmental DNA-based monitoring of the fish ladder in Dessau-Roßlau(2023) Macher, Till-Hendrik; Arle, Jens; Schütz, Robin; Beermann, Arne J.; Koschorreck, Jan; Leese, Florian; Wagner, FalkoFast, reliable, comprehensive, and cost-efficient biodiversity data are needed for environmental assessment and decision making in water management. In this study, we investigated whether eDNA metabarcoding approaches can fulfil these requirements for fish monitoring. We collected 18 water samples of 1 l along a 2 km stretch of the river Mulde (Germany) on a single day in April 2019, in parallel with comprehensive fisheries monitoring conducted over 17 weeks at the fish ladder in Dessau-Roßlau. Additionally, data from Water Framework Directive (WFD) fish monitoring for the years 2017-19 of the same site were available. A total of 33 fish species were detected with all three sampling strategies. The highest number of species was detected with eDNA metabarcoding (28 species), followed by the fish ladder monitoring (27) and the WFD monitoring (22). In direct comparison with the eDNA-based approach, the fish ladder assessment had a higher overlap of detected species (23 of 32 species detected by both methods) than with the WFD monitoring data (19 of 31). While eDNA-based methods are currently limited to assessing species composition, data on abundance and even age composition could also be generated in future. Here, the smart combination of fisheries-based methods with a high spatial and temporal resolution of eDNA metabarcoding can contribute to a better understanding of changes in the ecosystem and thus improve water management. © 2023, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.Veröffentlichung Die Wasserrahmenrichtlinie(Umweltbundesamt, 2022) Arle, Jens; Baumgarten, Corinna; Blondzik, Katrin; Frauenstein, Jörg; Hilliges, Falk; Hofmeier, Maximilian; Krakau, Manuela; Mohaupt, Volker; Mönnich, Julian; Naumann, Stephan; Osiek, Dirk; Rechenberg, Jörg; Richter, Niels; Schnäckel, Anna; Schulte, Christoph; Ullrich, Antje; Völker, Jeanette; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtDie Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL) fordert den umfassenden Schutz des oberirdischen und unterirdischen Wassers. Die zehn Flussgebietsgemeinschaften Deutschlands stellen dazu alle sechs Jahre Bewirtschaftungspläne und Maßnahmenprogramme auf. Das Umweltbundesamt und das Bundesumweltministerium haben diese Berichte für Deutschland ausgewertet und stellen die Ergebnisse in dieser gemeinsamen Broschüre vor. Sie erfahren wie wir Gewässer nutzen, welche Belastungen daraus resultieren und wie sie sich auf die Gewässer auswirken. Sie werden über den aktuellen Zustand der Gewässer informiert und welche Maßnahmen geplant sind, um den Zustand zu verbessern. Quelle: www-umweltbundesamt.deVeröffentlichung Three reasons why the Water Framework Directive (WFD) fails to identify pesticide risks(2021) Arle, Jens; Liebmann, Liana; Weisner, OliverThe Water Framework Directive (WFD) demands that good status is to be achieved for all European water bodies. While governmental monitoring under the WFD mostly concludes a good status with regard to pesticide pollution, numerous scientific studies have demonstrated widespread negative ecological impacts of pesticide exposure in surface waters. To identify reasons for this discrepancy, we analysed pesticide concentrations measured in a monitoring campaign of 91 agricultural streams in 2018 and 2019 using methodologies that exceed the requirements of the WFD. This included a sampling strategy that takes into account the periodic occurrence of pesticides and a different analyte spectrum designed to reflect current pesticide use. We found that regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) were exceeded for 39 different pesticides at 81% of monitoring sites. In comparison, WFD-compliant monitoring of the same sites would have detected only eleven pesticides as exceeding the WFD-based environmental quality standards (EQS) at 35% of monitoring sites. We suggest three reasons for this underestimation of pesticide risk under the WFD-compliant monitoring: (1) The sampling approach - the timing and site selection are unable to adequately capture the periodic occurrence of pesticides and investigate surface waters particularly susceptible to pesticide risks; (2) the measuring method - a too narrow analyte spectrum (6% of pesticides currently approved in Germany) and insufficient analytical capacities result in risk drivers being overlooked; (3) the assessment method for measured concentrations - the protectivity and availability of regulatory thresholds are not sufficient to ensure a good ecological status. We therefore propose practical and legal refinements to improve the WFD's monitoring and assessment strategy in order to gain a more realistic picture of pesticide surface water pollution. This will enable more rapid identification of risk drivers and suitable risk management measures to ultimately improve the status of European surface waters. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd.