Person: Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
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Veröffentlichung Substitutes mimic the exposure behaviour of REACH regulated phthalates(2021) Apel, Petra; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Lange, Rosa; Lemke, Nora; Debiak, Malgorzata; Murawski, Aline; Weber, TillThe population is constantly exposed to potentially harmful substances present in the environment, including inter alia food and drinking water, consumer products, and indoor air. Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a valuable tool to determine the integral, internal exposure of the general population, including vulnerable subgroups, to provide the basis for risk assessment and policy advice. The German HBM system comprises of five pillars: (1) the development of suitable analytical methods for new substances of concern, (2) cross-sectional population-representative German Environmental Surveys (GerES), (3) time trend analyses using archived samples from the Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB), (4) the derivation of health-based guidance values as a risk assessment tool, and (5) transfer of data into the European cooperation network HBM4EU. The goal of this paper is to present the complementary elements of the German HBM system and to show its strengths and limitations on the example of plasticizers. Plasticizers have been identified by EU services and HBM4EU partners as priority substances for chemical policy at EU level. Using the complementary elements of the German HBM system, the internal exposure to classical phthalates and novel alternative plasticizers can be reliably monitored. It is shown that market changes, due to regulation of certain phthalates and the rise of substitutes, are rapidly reflected in the internal exposure of the population. It was shown that exposure to DEHP, DiBP, DnBP, and BBzP decreased considerably, whereas exposure to the novel substitutes such as DPHP, DEHTP, and Hexamoll®DINCH has increased significantly. While health-based guidance values for several phthalates (esp. DnBP, DiBP, DEHP) were exceeded quite often at the turn of the millennium, exceedances today have become rarer. Still, also the latest GerES reveals the ubiquitous and concurrent exposures to many plasticizers. Of concern is that the youngest children showed the highest exposures to most of the investigated plasticizers and in some cases their levels of DiBP and DnBP still exceeded health-based guidance values. Over the last years, mixture exposures are increasingly recognized as relevant, especially if the toxicological modes of action are similar. This is supported by a cumulative risk assessment for four endocrine active phthalates which confirms the still concerning cumulative exposure in many young children. Given the adverse health effects of some phthalates and the limited toxicological knowledge of substitutes, exposure reduction and surveillance are needed on German and EU-level. Substitutes need to be monitored, to intervene if exposures are threatening to exceed acceptable levels, or if new toxicological data question their appropriateness. It is strongly recommended to reconsider the use of plastics and plasticizers. © 2021 Published by Elsevier GmbH.Veröffentlichung Integrating sex/gender into environmental health research(2021) Bolte, Gabriele; Jacke, Katharina; Groth, Katrin; Debiak, Malgorzata; Kolossa-Gehring, MarikeThere is a growing awareness about the need to comprehensively integrate sex and gender into health research in order to enhance the validity and significance of research results. An in-depth consideration of differential exposures and vulnerability is lacking, especially within environmental risk assessment. Thus, the interdisciplinary team of the collaborative research project INGER (inte-grating gender into environmental health research) aimed to develop a multidimensional sex/gen-der concept as a theoretically grounded starting point for the operationalization of sex and gender in quantitative (environmental) health research. The iterative development process was based on gender theoretical and health science approaches and was inspired by previously published concepts or models of sex-and gender-related dimensions. The INGER sex/gender concept fulfills the four theoretically established prerequisites for comprehensively investigating sex and gender aspects in population health research: multidimensionality, variety, embodiment, and intersectional-ity. The theoretical foundation of INGER's multidimensional sex/gender concept will be laid out, as well as recent sex/gender conceptualization developments in health sciences. In conclusion, by building upon the latest state of research of several disciplines, the conceptual framework will significantly contribute to integrating gender theoretical concepts into (environmental) health research, improving the validity of research and, thus, supporting the promotion of health equity in the long term. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Veröffentlichung Politikberatung zu umweltbezogener Gesundheit - der Grundstein ist gelegt(2023) Debiak, Malgorzata; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtVeröffentlichung Operationalization of a multidimensional sex/gender concept for quantitative environmental health research and implementation in the KORA study: Results of the collaborative research project INGER(2023) Kraus, Ute; Jacke, Katharina; Dandolo, Lisa; Fichter, Sophie; Debiak, Malgorzata; Groth, Katrin; Kolossa-Gehring, MarikeBackground: In environmental health research, sex and gender are not yet adequately considered. There is a need to improve data collection in population-based environmental health studies by comprehensively surveying sex/gender-related aspects according to gender theoretical concepts. Thus, within the joint project INGER we developed a multidimensional sex/gender concept which we aimed to operationalize and to test the operationalization for feasibility. Methods: In an iterative process, we created questionnaire modules which quantitatively captured the requirements of the INGER sex/gender concept. We deployed it in the KORA cohort (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg, Germany) in 2019 and evaluated response and missing rates. Results: The individual sex/gender self-concept was surveyed via a two-step approach that asked for sex assigned at birth and the current sex/gender identity. Additionally, we used existing tools to query internalized sex/gender roles and externalized sex/gender expressions. Adapted to the KORA population, we asked for discrimination experiences and care and household activities contributing to explain structural sex/gender relations. Further intersectionality-related social categories (e.g., socio-economic position), lifestyle and psychosocial factors were covered through data available in KORA. We could not identify appropriate tools to assess the true biological sex, sexual orientation and ethnic/cultural identity, which have yet to be developed or improved. The response-rate was 71%, the evaluation of 3,743 questionnaires showed a low missing rate. Prevalence of marginalized groups regarding sex/gender identity and definable by experiences of discrimination was very low. Conclusion: We have shown how the multidimensional INGER sex/gender concept can be operationalized according to an European and North American understanding of sex/gender for use in quantitative research. The questionnaire modules proved feasible in an epidemiologic cohort study. Being a balancing act between theoretical concepts and its quantitative implementation our operationalization paves the way for an adequate consideration of sex/gender in environmental health research. © 2023 Kraus, Jacke, Dandolo, Debiak, Fichter, Groth, Kolossa-Gehring, Hartig, Horstmann, Schneider, Palm and BolteVeröffentlichung Lysmeral Exposure in Children and Adolescences Participating in the German Environmental Survey (2012-2015): integrating sex/gender into analysis(2022) Fichter, Sophie; Fiedler, Nina; Groth, Katrin; Debiak, Malgorzata; Kolossa-Gehring, MarikeVeröffentlichung Sex and gender approaches in environmental health research: two exemplary case studies of the German environment agency(2019) Debiak, Malgorzata; Groth, Katrin; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Sauer, Arn Thorben; Tobollik, Myriam; Wintermeyer, DirkEngaging with the analytical categories of sex and gender in environmental health studies remains challenging in practice but promising with regards to research excellence and scientific benefit. The German Environment Agency reports on two case studies navigating this complex interaction in the fields of health risk assessment of environmental stressors and human biomonitoring studies. It is apparent that the levels of integration of the sex/gender theories and sex/gender data are differently advanced in research. In some areas the collection of sex-disaggregated data has just begun, whereas in others research started engaging with newer gender theories such as embodiment or intersectionality. The practical applications and obstacles in incorporating sex and gender dimensions into environmental health studies are presented and discussed. Quelle: https://www.tandfonline.comVeröffentlichung Schadstoffe im Innenraum - aktuelle Handlungsfelder(2018) Birmili, Wolfram; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Debiak, Malgorzata; Salthammer, Tunga; Valtanen, KerttuVeröffentlichung Toxic gender? The role of sex and gender in chemicals management(2019) Arning, Jürgen; Conrad, André; Debiak, Malgorzata; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Sauer, Arn Thorben; Steinkühler, NadjaVeröffentlichung Risk assessment for irritating chemicals - derivation of extrapolation factors(2021) Mangelsdorf, Inge; Schröder, Katrin; Escher, Sylvia E.; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Debiak, MalgorzataIrritation of the eyes and the upper respiratory tract are important endpoints for setting guide values for chemicals. To optimize the use of the often-limited data, we analysed controlled human exposure studies (CHS) with 1-4 h inhalation of the test substance, repeated dose inhalation studies in rodents, and Alarie-Tests and derived extrapolation factors (EF) for exposure duration, inter- and intraspecies differences. For the endpoint irritating effects in the respiratory tract in rodents, geometric mean (GM) values of 1.9 were obtained for the EF for subacute ->subchronic (n = 16), 2.1 for subchronic -> chronic (n = 40), and 2.9 for subacute -> chronic (n = 10) extrapolation. Based on these data we suggest an EF of 2 for subchronic -> chronic and of 4 for subacute -> chronic extrapolation. In CHS, exposure concentration determines the effects rather than exposure duration. Slight reversible effects during 4 h exposure indicate that an EF of 1 can be considered for assessing chronic exposures. To assess species extrapolation, 10 chemicals were identified with both, reliable rat inhalation studies and CHS. The GM of the ratio between the No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC) in rats and humans was 2.3 and increased to 3.6 when expanding the dataset to all available EF (n = 25). Based on these analyses, an EF of 3 is suggested to extrapolate from a NOAEC in a chronic rat study to a NOAEC in a CHS. The analysis of EFs for the extrapolation from a 50% decrease in respiratory frequency in the Alarie test in mice (RD50) to a NOAEC in a CHS resulted in a GM of 40, for both, the reliable (n = 11) and the overall dataset (n = 19). We propose to use the RD50 from the Alarie test for setting guide values and to use 40 as EF. Efs for intraspecies differences in the human population must account for susceptible persons, most importantly for persons with chemical intolerance (CI), who show subjective signs of irritation at low concentrations. The limited data available do not justify to deviate from an EF of 10 - 20 as currently used in different regulatory settings. © 2020 The Authors.Veröffentlichung The German approach to regulate indoor air contaminants(2019) Fromme, Hermann; Debiak, Malgorzata; Sagunski, Helmut; Kolossa-Gehring, MarikeIndoor air quality (IAQ) and exposure to indoor chemicals are widely discussed in terms of personal discomfort and health risks. In contrast to ambient air and working environments, legally binding regulations are only partially established for indoor contaminants, and other available European guidelines are limited. To correct these deficits, the German Committee on Indoor Guide Values (AIR), formerly known as the Ad hoc Working Group (Ad hoc AG), performed health assessments of indoor air contaminants. The main tasks were to develop toxicologically based indoor air guide values, health-based guideline values, and reference values largely based on the 95th percentile of the concentrations found in a reference population. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the indoor air values set in Germany and discuss the basis of their derivation. This overview includes a description of legally binding standards, indoor air guide values for 38 substances or groups, and guidelines for TVOC (total volatile organic compounds), particulate matter, and carbon dioxide as well as risk-related guidelines for carcinogenic substances.