Organisationseinheit: Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt. Fachgebiet II.3.4 - Trinkwasserverteilung
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Bad Elster
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Verbot von Trinkwasserrohren aus Blei
(2026) Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt. Fachgebiet II 3.4 Trinkwasserverteilung; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt. Fachgebiet II 3.6 Toxikologie des Trink- und Badebeckenwassers; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
Blei im Trinkwasser gefährdet die Gesundheit. Dieses Faltblatt erläutert warum und erklärt, wie man Bleirohre erkennt und wie ein Austausch von Trinkwasserrrohren vonstattengeht.
Evaluating DBP Formation in Chlorinated Drinking Water: Effects of Contact with System Materials
(2026) Langenbach, David; Kalweit, Cynthia; Kaczmarek, Dominik; Ruhl, Aki Sebastian
Climate-driven challenges probably increase disinfection in drinking water systems. Interactions between disinfectants and infrastructure materials remain understudied. This study quantifies the consumption of chlorine, the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the formation of regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from 20 common materials: polymeric pipes, seals, fittings, epoxy resins, and cement mortar. The materials were pulverized to maximize the surface area and create a worst-case scenario. The results were compared with standardized migration tests. Chlorine depletion (>90%) was observed in the waters exposed to epoxy resins, seals, and cement. The formation of DBP, especially trichloromethane (TCM), exceeded 100 μg/L in samples of epoxy resins, cement, vulcanized fiber, and polyamide; TCM was detected in polyethylene pipe materials at concentrations between 5 and 18 μg/L. Increased temperatures enhanced DOC leaching and THM formation. Relations between DOC and DBP concentrations indicate material leachates as precursors. The results highlight the importance of material selection and testing for disinfected drinking water systems, providing critical insights for risk assessment, material certification, and regulatory development. ©2026 The Authors
Quantification of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxystyrene migrating from organic materials in contact with drinking water: True occurrence or analytical artefact?
(2026) Kalweit, Cynthia; Berger, Sabrina; Rapp, Thomas
The occurrence of 3,5-di‑tert‑butyl‑4-hydroxystyrene (S.I) diffusing from cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X) pipes has been a topic of debate among industries, regulatory authorities, and scientists due to inconsistent findings. This study aimed to clarify the origin of S.I in migration waters and provide analytical recommendations for the certification process of pipe materials.
First, it was demonstrated that analysing migration waters by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), according to EN 15,768 with an injector temperature of 250 °C, significantly biases the measured S.I concentrations, which are due to thermal degradation of 7,9-di‑tert‑butyl‑1-oxaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8‑dione (S.II). Under these conditions, artificially high concentrations of S.I are obtained. Reducing the injector temperature to 150 °C improves S.I. accuracy, however, a reliable solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method was developed to quantify S.I. independently of S.II.
Second, four types of PE-X pipes were evaluated using LLE with injector temperatures of 250 °C and 150 °C, as well as SPME. LLE significantly increases the likelihood of detecting S.I concentrations in the migration waters well above the 0.1 µg/L limit stipulated by the European Commission Implementing Decision. Although the fraction of S.I formed from S.II is small (0.7–2% with LLE), the concentration of S.II itself can reach up to 100 µg/L (legal limit), leading to substantially biased S.I values that exceed 0.1 µg/L. Consequently, materials could fail European certification despite being compliant, which would have significant commercial implications.
Therefore, the use of SPME is recommended as an alternative method for analysing S.I in this context. © 2026 The Authors.
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