Person: Conrad, André
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1975
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Conrad
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André
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Veröffentlichung Benefits of cooperation among large-scale cohort studies and human biomonitoring projects in environmental health research: An exercise in blood lead analysis of the Environment and Child Health International Birth Cohort Group(2019) Nakayama, Shoji F.; Conrad, André; Espina, Carolina; Kamijima, Michihiro; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Murawski, AlineA number of prospective cohort studies are ongoing worldwide to investigate the impact of foetal and neonatal exposures to chemical substances on child health. To assess multiple exposure (mixture) effects and low prevalence health outcomes it is useful to pool data from several studies and conduct mega-data-analysis. To discuss a path towards data harmonization, representatives from several large-scale birth cohort studies and a biomonitoring programme formed a collaborative group, the Environment and Child Health International Birth Cohort Group (ECHIBCG). In this study, an intra-laboratory trial was performed to harmonize existing blood lead measurements within the groups' studies. Then, decentralized analyses were conducted in individual countries' laboratories to evaluate blood lead levels (BLL) in each study. The measurements of pooled BLL samples in French, German and three Japanese laboratories resulted in an overall mean blood lead concentration of 8.66 ng¯1 (95% confidence interval: 8.59-8.72 ng¯1) with 3.0% relative standard deviation. Except for China's samples, BLL from each study were comparable with mean concentrations below or close to 10ng¯1. The decentralized multivariate analyses revealed that all models had coefficients of determination below 0.1. Determinants of BLL were current smoking, age >35 years and overweight or obese status. The three variables were associated with an increase in BLL in each of the five studies, most strongly in France by almost 80% and the weakest effect being in Norway with only 15%; for Japan, with the far largest sample (~18,000), the difference was 36%. This study successfully demonstrated that the laboratory analytical methods were sufficiently similar to allow direct comparison of data and showed that it is possible to harmonize the epidemiological data for joint analysis. This exercise showed the challenges in decentralized data analyses and reinforces the need for data harmonization among studies. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.Veröffentlichung Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in urine of children and adolescents in Germany - Human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V)(2021) Conrad, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Lemke, Nora; Murawski, Aline; Schmied-Tobies, Maria Irene HildeSince the 1970s, glyphosate has become the most used herbicide of the world. The general population is ubiquitously exposed to glyphosate. Its long-term toxicity, carcinogenic potential and other health effects are controversially discussed. Even though the possible health impacts of glyphosate are of global concern, no population-wide monitoring of glyphosate was done yet. This study presents the worldwide first population-representative data on glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) for children and adolescents. 2144 first-morning void urine samples of 3-17-year-old children and adolescents living in Germany were analysed for concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA in the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V). In 52 % of the samples (46 % for AMPA) the urinary glyphosate concentrations were above the limit of quantification of 0.1 (microgramm)/L. The geometric mean concentrations were 0.107 (microgramm)/L (0.090 (microgramm)/gcreatinine) for glyphosate and 0.100 (microgramm)/L (0.085 (microgramm)/gcreatinine) for AMPA. No clear association between exposure to glyphosate or AMPA and vegetarian diet or consumption of cereals, pulses, or vegetables could be identified. The low quantification rate and the 95th percentiles for glyphosate and AMPA of around 0.5 (microgramm)/L demonstrate an overall low exposure of the young population in Germany. Quelle: © Elsevier 2021Veröffentlichung The methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone metabolite N-methylmalonamic acid (NMMA) in urine of children and adolescents in Germany - Human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V)(2020) Conrad, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Murawski, Aline; Rucic, Enrico; Schmied-Tobies, Maria Irene HildeMixtures of methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone are used as biocides in cosmetics, cleaning agents, and water-based paint. A biomonitoring method to evaluate exposure to these compounds was developed using N-methylmalonamic acid (NMMA), the main metabolite of both, methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone, as the exposure biomarker. First-morning void urine samples (N = 2078) of 3- to 17-year-old children and adolescents living in Germany were analysed for concentrations of NMMA in the population representative German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents GerES V (2014-2017). NMMA was quantified in almost all samples, with a geometric mean concentration of 6.245 My g/L (5.303 my g/gcrea) and a 95th percentile of 15.0 my g/L (12.6 ÎÌg/gcrea). Urinary concentrations could not be related to self-reported application of specific cleaning agents or personal care products, leaving potential, specific sources of exposure unrevealed as most products relevant for isothiazolinone exposure are used ubiquitously. For the first time, reference values can be derived for urinary NMMA for children and adolescents in Germany, facilitating a more substantiated exposure assessment. © 2020 Published by Elsevier GmbH.Veröffentlichung Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in blood plasma - results of the German environmental survey for children and adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V)(2020) Bandow, Nicole; Conrad, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Murawski, Aline; Sawal, GeorgeThe German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V) investigated the current internal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP). These analyses were carried out for a population-representative sub-sample of 1135 children and adolescents (aged 3-17 years) of all 2394 GerES V participants. Blood plasma samples were analyzed for seven indicator PCB (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 153 and PCB 180) and selected OCP (hexachlorobenzene, three hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, 4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDD and 4,4'-DDE). Despite risk mitigation measures and bans put into force some decades ago children and adolescents living in Germany are still exposed to PCB and OCP: Highest geometric mean plasma concentrations were measured for 4,4'-DDE (0.158 g/L), followed by PCB 138 (0.049 g/L), PCB 153 (0.066 g/L) and PCB 180 (0.032 g/L). Different application patterns of compounds between former East and former West Germany are still reflected by differences in plasma concentrations. Significant differences between age groups and by sexes were found. Moreover, the influence of breastfeeding and fish consumption, which was also found in other studies, was confirmed. Comparison with the results of GerES 2003-2006 confirms a decreasing trend in blood samples observed world-wide. Currently, health-based guidance values for PCB are still exceeded, though to a very limited extent. Also, the widespread occurrence of these compounds underlines the need for further monitoring of these compounds in humans although they are no longer marketed. Quelle: https://www.sciencedirect.com