Person: Daniels, Anja
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Veröffentlichung Anforderungen an Lüftungskonzeptionen in Gebäuden(Umweltbundesamt, 2020) Schulze Darup, Burkhard; Daniels, Anja; Kah, Oliver; Moriske, Heinz-Jörn; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtDie Menschen in Mitteleuropa halten sich zunehmend in geschlossenen Räumen auf, ein Großteil davon in der eigenen Wohnung. Das betrifft neben Erwachsenen zunehmend auch Kinder und Jugendliche. Für eine gute Innenraumluftqualität zu sorgen, ist somit für das Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit von entscheidender Bedeutung. Lüften ist ein wesentliches Element, um eine gute Innenraumluftqualität zu erreichen oder um diese aufrechtzuerhalten. Aus Energieeffizenzgründen ist eine dichte Bauweise gefordert. Infiltrationen, wie sie noch in alten, undichten Gebäuden vorhanden waren, sind in modernen, energieeffizienten Gebäuden deutlich minimiert. Regelmäßiges aktives Lüften über Fenster oder das Betreiben von Lüftungsanlagen ist somit erforderlich. Lüftungsanlagen haben dabei den Vorteil, dass die Frischluftzufuhr von außen nutzerunabhängig erfolgen kann und ein aktives Lüften durch Anwesende im Raum nicht notwendig ist. Welche Anlagentechniken es gibt und welche für die Nachrüstung im Bestand oder für den Neubau am besten geeignet sind, beschreibt die Broschüre "Anforderungen an Lüftungskonzeptionen in Gebäuden - Teil 2: Wohngebäude". Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.deVeröffentlichung Particle mass concentrations and number size distributions in 40 Homes in Germany: Indoor-to-outdoor relationships, diurnal and seasonal variation(2020) Zhao, Jiangyue; Birmili, Wolfram; Daniels, Anja; Wehner, BirgitFew studies investigated residential particle concentration levels with a full picture of aerosol particles from 10 nm to 10 Ìm size range with size-resolved information, and none was performed in central Europe in the long-term in multiple homes. To capture representative diurnal and seasonal patterns of exposure to particles, and investigate the driving factors to their variations, measurements were performed in 40 homes for around two weeks each in Leipzig and Berlin, Germany. These over 500 days' measurements combined PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, particle number concentration and size distribution (PNC and PNSD, 10-800 nm), CO2 concentration, and residential activities diary into a unique dataset. Natural ventilation was dominated, the mean ventilation rate calculated from CO2 measurements was 0.2 h-1 and 3.7 h-1 with closed and opened windows, respectively. The main findings of this study showed that, the residents in German homes were exposed to a significantly higher mass concentration of coarse particles than outdoors, thus indoor exposure to coarse particles cannot be described by outdoors. The median indoor PNC diurnal cycles were generally lower than outdoors (median I/O ratio 0.69). However, indoor exposure to particles was different in the cold and warm season. In the warm season, due to longer opening window periods, indoor sources' contribution was weakened, which also resulted in the indoor PNC and PNSD being very similar to the outdoors. In the cold season, indoor sources caused strong peaks of indoor PNC that exceeded outdoors, along with the relatively low penetration factor - 0.5 for all size ranges, and indoor particle losses, which was particularly effective in reducing the ultrafine PNC, resulting in a different particle exposure load than outdoors. This study provides a detailed understanding of residential particle exposure in multiple homes, facilitating future studies to assess health effects in residential environments. Quelle. https://aaqr.org/Veröffentlichung Formaldehyde, aliphatic aldehydes (C2-C11), furfural, and benzaldehyde in the residential indoor air of children and adolescents during the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017(2022) Bethke, Robert; Birmili, Wolfram; Brasse, Gregor; Conrad, André; Daniels, Anja; Debiak, Malgorzata; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Hurraß, Julia; Schechner, NadineIndoor air concentrations of formaldehyde, furfural, benzaldehyde, and 11 aliphatic aldehydes (C2-C11) were measured in residences of 639 participants in the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V). Sampling was conducted using passive samplers over periods of approximately seven days for each participant. The most abundant compounds were formaldehyde and hexanal with median concentrations of 24.9 (micro)g m-3 and 10.9 (micro)g m-3, respectively. Formaldehyde concentrations exceeded the Guide Value I recommended by the German Committee on Indoor Guide Values (Ausschuss für Innenraumrichtwerte - AIR) (0.10 mg m-3) for 0.3% of the participating residences. The sum of aliphatic n-aldehydes between C4 (butanal) and C11 (undecanal) exceeded their Guide Value (0.10 mg m-3) for 2.0% of the residences. The geometric mean concentrations of most aldehydes were lower than in the earlier GerES IV (2003-2006) study. Formaldehyde and hexanal concentrations, however, were comparable in both studies and showed no significant difference. Indoor aldehyde concentrations did not exhibit significant correlations with factors collected in questionnaires, such as the age of the participants, their socio-economic status, the location of the residence (former East/West Germany), migration background, tobacco exposure, and the type of furniture used. The validity of the passive sampler measurements was verified against active sampling techniques in a test chamber experiment. © 2021 The Authors